{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:32:40Z","timestamp":1772109160675,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The cerebellopontine angle is a common site for tumor growth and vascular pathologies requiring surgical manipulations that jeopardize cranial nerve integrity and cerebellar and brainstem perfusion. To date, a detailed study of vessels perforating the cisternal surface of the middle cerebellar peduncle\u2014namely, the paraflocculus or parafloccular perforating space\u2014has yet to be published. In this report, the perforating vessels of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in the parafloccular space, or on the cisternal surface of the middle cerebellar peduncle, are described to elucidate their relevance pertaining to microsurgery and the different pathologies that occur at the cerebellopontine angle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fourteen cadaveric cerebellopontine cisterns (CPCs) were studied. Anatomical dissections and analysis of the perforating arteries of the AICA and posterior inferior cerebellar artery at the parafloccular space were recorded using direct visualization by surgical microscope, optical histology, and scanning electron microscope. A comprehensive review of the English-language and Spanish-language literature was also performed, and findings related to anatomy, histology, physiology, neurology, neuroradiology, microsurgery, and endovascular surgery pertaining to the cerebellar flocculus or parafloccular spaces are summarized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 298 perforating arteries were found in the dissected specimens, with a minimum of 15 to a maximum of 26 vessels per parafloccular perforating space. The average outer diameter of the cisternal portion of the perforating arteries was 0.11 \u00b1 0.042 mm (mean \u00b1 SD) and the average length was 2.84 \u00b1 1.2 mm. Detailed schematics and the surgical anatomy of the perforating vessels at the CPC and their clinical relevance are reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The parafloccular space is a key entry point for many perforating vessels toward the middle cerebellar peduncle and lateral brainstem, and it must be respected and protected during surgical approaches to the cerebellopontine angle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.2.jns142693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]],"date-time":"2015-09-04T13:59:26Z","timestamp":1441375166000},"page":"440-449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Microvascular anatomy of the cerebellar parafloccular perforating space"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Sosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Clinical and Surgical Neurology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Dujovny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and Electrical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibe","family":"Onyekachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and Electrical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noressia","family":"Sockwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and Electrical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Cremaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Clinical and Surgical Neurology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis E.","family":"Savastano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns142693","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.1.0097","article-title":"Microvascular anatomy of the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata and olive","volume":"82","author":"Akar","year":"1995"},{"key":"b2-jns142693","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"267","article-title":"Anatomy of the cerebellar arteries","volume":"145","author":"Amarenco","year":"1989"},{"key":"b3-jns142693","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.1.139","article-title":"Cerebellar infarction in the territory of the anterior and inferior cerebellar artery. 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