{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:45:10Z","timestamp":1780613110592,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n With limited data available on association of risk factors and effect of hospital case volume on outcomes following deep brain stimulation (DBS), the authors attempted to identify these associations using a large population-based database.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The authors performed a retrospective cohort study involving patients who underwent DBS for 3 primary movement disorders: Parkinson\u2019s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia from 2002 to 2011 using the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Using national estimates, the authors identified associations of patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and hospital characteristics on short-term postoperative outcomes following DBS. Additionally, effect of hospital volume on unfavorable outcomes was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Overall, 33, 642 patients underwent DBS for 3 primary movement disorders across 234 hospitals in the US. The mean age of the cohort was 63.42 \u00b1 11.31 years and 36% of patients were female. The inpatients\u2019 postoperative risks were 5.9% for unfavorable discharge, 10.2% for prolonged length of stay, 14.6% for high-end hospital charges, 0.5% for wound complications, 0.4% for cardiac complications, 1.8% for venous thromboembolism, and 5.5% for neurological complications, including those arising from an implanted nervous system device. Compared with low-volume centers, odds of having an unfavorable discharge, prolonged LOS, high-end hospital charges, wound, and cardiac complications were significantly lower in the high-volume and medium-volume centers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n The authors\u2019 study provides individualized estimates of the risks of postoperative complications based on patient demographics and comorbidities and hospital characteristics, which could potentially be used as an adjunct for risk stratification for patients undergoing DBS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.3.focus1547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T09:07:57Z","timestamp":1433149677000},"page":"E4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Predictors of unfavorable outcomes following deep brain stimulation for movement disorders and the effect of hospital case volume on outcomes: an analysis of 33, 642 patients across 234 US hospitals using the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Piyush","family":"Kalakoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Papireddy","family":"Bollam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Symeon","family":"Missios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Wilden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus1547","series-title":"Healthcare and Utilization Project","article-title":"Clinical Classifications Software (CCS) for ICD-9-CM","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"},{"key":"b2-focus1547","series-title":"Healthcare and Utilization Project","article-title":"Overview of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS)","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"},{"key":"b3-focus1547","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"181","article-title":"The influence of hospital volume on survival after resection for lung cancer","volume":"345","author":"Bach","year":"2001"},{"key":"b4-focus1547","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E367","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: using functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological techniques: technical case report","volume":"61","author":"Baker","year":"2007"},{"key":"b5-focus1547","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"403","article-title":"Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus","volume":"337","author":"Benabid","year":"1991"},{"key":"b6-focus1547","series-title":"Appl Neurophysiol","first-page":"344","article-title":"Combined (thalamotomy and stimulation) stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease","volume":"50","author":"Benabid","year":"1987"},{"key":"b7-focus1547","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)","first-page":"39","article-title":"Chronic VIM thalamic stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease, essential tremor and extra-pyramidal dyskinesias","volume":"58","author":"Benabid","year":"1993"},{"key":"b8-focus1547","series-title":"Top Health Inf Manage","first-page":"10","article-title":"Evaluation of coding data quality of the HCUP National Inpatient Sample","volume":"21","author":"Berthelsen","year":"2000"},{"key":"b9-focus1547","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"367","article-title":"Surgical complications of deep brain stimulation. A longitudinal single surgeon, single institution study","volume":"86","author":"Bhatia","year":"2008"},{"key":"b10-focus1547","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"777","article-title":"Hospital volume and late survival after cancer surgery","volume":"245","author":"Birkmeyer","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11-focus1547","series-title":"Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator","author":"Bureau of Labor Statistics"},{"key":"b12-focus1547","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"1550","article-title":"Ten-year outcome of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease: a blinded evaluation","volume":"68","author":"Castrioto","year":"2011"},{"key":"b13-focus1547","series-title":"J Chronic Dis","first-page":"373","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987"},{"key":"b14-focus1547","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"810","article-title":"Mortality rates after subarachnoid hemorrhage: variations according to hospital case volume in 18 states","volume":"99","author":"Cross","year":"2003"},{"key":"b15-focus1547","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","first-page":"613","article-title":"Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases","volume":"45","author":"Deyo","year":"1992"},{"key":"b16-focus1547","series-title":"J Vasc Surg","first-page":"739","article-title":"Surgeon specialty and provider volumes are related to outcome of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the United States","volume":"38","author":"Dimick","year":"2003"},{"key":"b17-focus1547","series-title":"Mo Med","first-page":"424","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation: current and emerging indications","volume":"105","author":"Dowling","year":"2008"},{"key":"b18-focus1547","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"169","article-title":"Relationship between hospital surgical volume, lobectomy rates, and adverse perioperative events at US epilepsy centers","volume":"118","author":"Englot","year":"2013"},{"key":"b19-focus1547","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"863","article-title":"Surgery for Parkinson disease in the United States, 1996 to 2000: practice patterns, short-term outcomes, and hospital charges in a nationwide sample","volume":"99","author":"Eskandar","year":"2003"},{"key":"b20-focus1547","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2128","article-title":"Trends in hospital volume and operative mortality for high-risk surgery","volume":"364","author":"Finks","year":"2011"},{"key":"b21-focus1547","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"88","article-title":"Vagal nerve stimulation versus deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: show me the data","volume":"54","author":"Henderson","year":"2007"},{"key":"b22-focus1547","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"158","article-title":"Chronic thalamic stimulation for the control of facial anesthesia dolorosa","volume":"29","author":"Hosobuchi","year":"1973"},{"key":"b23-focus1547","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"621","article-title":"Short-term and long-term safety of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of movement disorders","volume":"106","author":"Kenney","year":"2007"},{"key":"b24-focus1547","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"489","article-title":"Long-term follow up of bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with advanced Parkinson disease","volume":"99","author":"Kleiner-Fisman","year":"2003"},{"key":"b25-focus1547","series-title":"Neuromodulation","first-page":"182","article-title":"Socioeconomic trends in Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery","volume":"13","author":"Lad","year":"2010"},{"key":"b26-focus1547","series-title":"Med Care","first-page":"785","article-title":"Identification of in-hospital complications from claims data. 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Is it valid?","volume":"38","author":"Lawthers","year":"2000"},{"key":"b27-focus1547","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"221","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in patients with advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"84","author":"Liang","year":"2006"},{"key":"b28-focus1547","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"398","article-title":"Insurance status and patient outcome after neurosurgery","volume":"76","author":"Lin","year":"2011"},{"key":"b29-focus1547","series-title":"Biol Psychiatry","first-page":"267","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the ventral capsule\/ventral striatum for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"65","author":"Malone","year":"2009"},{"key":"b30-focus1547","series-title":"Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"183","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative interpretation of neuropsychological data in the assessment of temporal lobectomy 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