{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:50:36Z","timestamp":1790603436858,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study was conducted to investigate whether microbleeds or microinfarcts are associated with apolipoprotein E (<jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>) gene polymorphisms in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), and if so, whetherAPOE gene polymorphisms are also associated with stroke type in patients with MMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This cross-sectional, multicenter study included 86 consecutive patients with MMD who underwent T2*-weighted gradient echo or susceptibility-weighted MR imaging and 83 healthy control volunteers. Baseline clinical and radiological characteristics were recorded at diagnosis, and inter- and intragroup differences in the <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> genotypes were assessed. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to determine the association factors for small-vessel lesions (SVLs) and hemorrhagic presentation in patients with MMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was no difference in <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> gene polymorphism and the incidence of SVLs between patients with MMD and healthy controls (p &gt; 0.05). In the MMD group, 7 (8.1%) patients had microbleeds and 32 (37.2%) patients had microinfarcts. Microbleeds were more frequently identified in patients with hemorrhagic-type than in nonhemorrhagictype MMD (p = 0.003). <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> genotypes differed according to the presence of microbleeds (p = 0.024). <jats:italic>APOE \u03b52<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>\u03b54<\/jats:italic> carriers also experienced microbleeds more frequently than <jats:italic>APOE \u03b53\/\u03b53<\/jats:italic> carriers (p = 0.013). In the multivariate regression analysis in patients with MMD, microbleeds were significantly related to <jats:italic>APOE \u03b52<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>\u03b54<\/jats:italic> carrier status (OR 7.86; 95% CI1.20\u201351.62; p = 0.032) and cerebral aneurysm (OR 17.31; 95% CI 2.09\u2013143.57; p = 0.008). Microinfarcts were independently associated with hypertension (OR 3.01; 95% CI 1.05\u20137.86; p = 0.007). Hemorrhagic presentation was markedly associated with microbleeds (OR 10.63; 95% CI 1.11\u2013102.0; p = 0.041).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These preliminary results did not show a difference in <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> gene polymorphisms between patients with MMD and healthy persons. However, they imply that <jats:italic>APOE gene<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms may play certain roles in the presence of microbleeds but not microinfarcts in patients with MMD. A further confirmatory study is necessary to elucidate the effect of <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> gene polymorphisms and SVLs on the future incidence of stroke in patients with MMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.5.jns142973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T14:59:49Z","timestamp":1447426789000},"page":"1738-1745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with small-vessel lesions and stroke type in moyamoya disease: a preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Dong-Kyu","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pil Woo","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwan-Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns142973","series-title":"J Lipid Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R300017-JLR200","article-title":"Functions of lipoprotein receptors in neurons","volume":"45","author":"Beffert","year":"2004"},{"key":"b2-jns142973","series-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2003.00457.x","article-title":"APOE epsilon 4 influences the pathological phenotype of Alzheimer\u2019s disease by favouring cerebrovascular over parenchymal accumulation of A beta protein","volume":"29","author":"Chalmers","year":"2003"},{"key":"b3-jns142973","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24285","article-title":"Are acute infarcts the cause of leukoaraiosis? 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