{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:59:06Z","timestamp":1785902346728,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cervicomedullary tumors (CMTs) represent a heterogeneous group of intrinsic neoplasms that are typically low grade and generally carry a good prognosis. This single-institution study was undertaken to document the outcomes and current treatment philosophy for these challenging neoplasms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The charts of all pediatric patients with CMTs who received treatment at St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital between January 1988 and May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, surgical, clinical, radiological, pathological, and survival data were collected. Treatment-free survival and overall survival were estimated, and predictors of recurrence were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirty-one children (16 boys, 15 girls) with at least 12 months of follow-up data were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 6 years (range 7 months-17 years) and the median follow-up was 4.3 years. Low-grade tumors (Grade I or II) were present in 26 (84%) patients. Thirty patients underwent either a biopsy alone or resection, with the majority of patients undergoing biopsy only (n = 12, 39%) or subtotal resection (n = 14, 45%). Only 4 patients were treated solely with resection; 21 patients received radiotherapy alone or in combination with other treatments. Recurrent tumor developed in 14 children (45%) and 4 died as a result of their malignancy. A high-grade pathological type was the only independent variable that predicted recurrence. The 5- and 10-year treatment-free survival estimates are 64.7% and 45.3%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year overall survival estimate is 86.7%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Children with CMTs typically have low-grade neoplasms and consequently long-term survival, but high risk of recurrence. Therapy should be directed at achieving local tumor control while preserving and even restoring neurological function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.5.peds14638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T13:59:35Z","timestamp":1435327175000},"page":"357-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cervicomedullary tumors in children"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"McAbee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Modica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clinton J.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Broniscer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim F.","family":"Choudhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center;"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center;"},{"name":"Le Bonheur Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick A.","family":"Boop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center;"},{"name":"Le Bonheur Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital;"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital; and"},{"name":"Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Klimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center;"},{"name":"Le Bonheur Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital;"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital; and"},{"name":"Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-peds14638","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000121095","article-title":"Intrinsic tumors of the medulla: predicting outcome after surgery","volume":"25","author":"Abbott","year":"1996"},{"key":"b2-peds14638","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"239","article-title":"Intrinsic tumors of the medulla: surgical complications","volume":"17","author":"Abbott","year":"1992"},{"key":"b3-peds14638","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.1.PEDS13317","article-title":"Long-term incidence and risk factors for development of spinal deformity following resection of pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4-peds14638","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.1.PEDS13316","article-title":"Long-term disease and neurological outcomes in patients with pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014"},{"key":"b5-peds14638","series-title":"Cancer Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.02.004","article-title":"The microtubule binding drug EM011 inhibits the growth of paediatric low grade gliomas","volume":"335","author":"Ajeawung","year":"2013"},{"key":"b6-peds14638","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24891","article-title":"Vemurafenib in pediatric patients with BRAFV600E mutated high-grade gliomas","volume":"61","author":"Bautista","year":"2014"},{"key":"b7-peds14638","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1159\/000091859","article-title":"Residual or recurrent cerebellar low-grade glioma in children after tumor resection: is re-treatment needed? 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