{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T09:07:50Z","timestamp":1775898470071,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sciatic nerve endometriosis (EM) is a rare presentation of retroperitoneal EM. The authors present 2 cases of catamenial sciatica diagnosed as sciatic nerve EM. They propose that both cases can be explained by perineural spread of EM from the uterus to the sacral plexus along the pelvic autonomie nerves and then further distally to the sciatic nerve or proximally to the spinal nerves. This explanation is supported by MRI evidence in both cases. As a proof of concept, the authors retrieved and analyzed the original MRI studies of a case reported in the literature and found a similar pattern of spread. They believe that the imaging evidence of their institutional cases together with the outside case is a very compelling indication for perineural spread as a mechanism of EM of the nerve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.focus15208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T03:41:33Z","timestamp":1441078893000},"page":"E15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging evidence for perineural spread of endometriosis to the lumbosacral plexus: report of 2 cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Siquara de Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stepan","family":"Capek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Jentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly K.","family":"Amrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus15208","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2331","article-title":"Perineural tumor spread of bladder cancer causing lumbosacral plexopathy: an anatomic explanation","volume":"156","author":"Aghion","year":"2014"},{"key":"b2-focus15208","series-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest","first-page":"112","article-title":"Increased nerve density in deep infiltrating endometriotic nodules","volume":"71","author":"Anaf","year":"2011"},{"key":"b3-focus15208","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"996","article-title":"Preferential infiltration of large bowel endometriosis along the nerves of the colon","volume":"19","author":"Anaf","year":"2004"},{"key":"b4-focus15208","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"1744","article-title":"Relationship between endometriotic foci and nerves in rectovaginal endometriotic nodules","volume":"15","author":"Anaf","year":"2000"},{"key":"b5-focus15208","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"1895","article-title":"Hyperalgesia, nerve infiltration and nerve growth factor expression in deep adenomyotic nodules, peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis","volume":"17","author":"Anaf","year":"2002"},{"key":"b6-focus15208","series-title":"Annu Rev Physiol","first-page":"163","article-title":"Endometriosis: the role of neuroangiogenesis","volume":"73","author":"Asante","year":"2011"},{"key":"b7-focus15208","series-title":"Fertil Steril","first-page":"511","article-title":"Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis","volume":"98","author":"Burney","year":"2012"},{"key":"b8-focus15208","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"560","article-title":"Perineural tumor spread to the muscle: An alternative for muscle metastasis?","volume":"28","author":"Capek","year":"2015"},{"key":"b9-focus15208","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","first-page":"1365","article-title":"Perineural spread in pelvic malignancies can be an alternate explanation for pelvic bony metastases rather than hematogenous spread. A report of two cases","volume":"44","author":"Capek","year":"2015"},{"key":"b10-focus15208","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"778","article-title":"Prostate cancer with perineural spread and dural extension causing bilateral lumbosacral plexopathy: case report","volume":"122","author":"Capek","year":"2015"},{"key":"b11-focus15208","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"136","article-title":"Recurrent rectal cancer causing lumbosacral plexopathy with perineural spread to the spinal nerves and the sciatic nerve: an anatomic explanation","volume":"28","author":"Capek","year":"2015"},{"key":"b12-focus15208","series-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol","first-page":"419","article-title":"Role of eutopic endometrium in pelvic endometriosis","volume":"18","author":"Carvalho","year":"2011"},{"key":"b13-focus15208","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","first-page":"474","article-title":"Cyclic sciatica in a patient with deep monolateral endometriosis infiltrating the right sciatic nerve","volume":"24","author":"Ceccaroni","year":"2011"},{"key":"b14-focus15208","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"157","article-title":"Anatomical distribution of deeply infiltrating endometriosis: surgical implications and proposition for a classification","volume":"18","author":"Chapron","year":"2003"},{"key":"b15-focus15208","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"702","article-title":"Ovarian endometrioma: severe pelvic pain is associated with deeply infiltrating endometriosis","volume":"27","author":"Chapron","year":"2012"},{"key":"b16-focus15208","series-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil","first-page":"142","article-title":"Endometriosis of the ischio-rectal excavation at the contact of the sciatic nerve: a case report of neurolysis by pararectal incision","volume":"38","author":"Chauvin","year":"2010"},{"key":"b17-focus15208","series-title":"South Med J","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Sciatic syndrome due to endometriosis of sciatic nerve","volume":"48","author":"Denton","year":"1955"},{"key":"b18-focus15208","series-title":"Neurocirugia (Astur)","first-page":"170","article-title":"Sciatica secondary to extrapelvic endometriosis affecting the piriformis muscle. Case report","volume":"23","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-P\u00e1ez","year":"2012"},{"key":"b19-focus15208","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage due to endometriosis","volume":"45","author":"Duke","year":"1995"},{"key":"b20-focus15208","series-title":"J Reprod Med","first-page":"955","article-title":"Management of intramedullary endometriosis of the conus medullaris. A case report","volume":"47","author":"Erbayraktar","year":"2002"},{"key":"b21-focus15208","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"281","article-title":"Cyclic sciatica from extrapelvic endometriosis affecting the sciatic nerve","volume":"14","author":"Floyd","year":"2011"},{"key":"b22-focus15208","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma of the prostate involving the lumbosacral plexus MRI evidence to support direct perineural spread","volume":"152","author":"H\u00e9bert-Blouin","year":"2010"},{"key":"b23-focus15208","series-title":"Nervenarzt","first-page":"474","article-title":"Extra-genital endometriosis leading to piriformis syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Hettler","year":"2006"},{"key":"b24-focus15208","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"800","article-title":"Footdrop due to sciatic nerve endometriosis","volume":"149","author":"Hibbard","year":"1984"},{"key":"b25-focus15208","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","first-page":"1627","article-title":"Perineural spread of cervical cancer to the sciatic nerve","volume":"42","author":"Howe","year":"2013"},{"key":"b26-focus15208","series-title":"Orthopedics","first-page":"400","article-title":"Post-traumatic catamenial sciatica","volume":"31","author":"Hughes","year":"2008"},{"key":"b27-focus15208","series-title":"J Reprod Immunol","first-page":"93","article-title":"Nerve fibers in uterosacral ligaments of women with deep infiltrating endometriosis","volume":"79","author":"Kelm Junior","year":"2008"},{"key":"b28-focus15208","series-title":"Fertil Steril","first-page":"1508","article-title":"Sciatic endometriosis diagnosed by computerized tomography-guided biopsy and CD10 immunohistochemical staining","volume":"84","author":"Koga","year":"2005"},{"key":"b29-focus15208","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma arising from sciatic nerve endometriosis","volume":"104","author":"Lacroix-Triki","year":"2004"},{"key":"b30-focus15208","series-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol","first-page":"396","article-title":"Sacral nerve infiltrative endometriosis presenting as perimenstrual right-sided sciatica and bladder atonia: case report and description of surgical technique","volume":"19","author":"Lemos","year":"2012"},{"key":"b31-focus15208","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"98","article-title":"Cyclical sciatica: endometriosis of the sciatic nerve","volume":"90","author":"Mannan","year":"2008"},{"key":"b32-focus15208","series-title":"Acta Neurol Belg","article-title":"Endometriosis of the lumbosacral plexus report of a case with foot drop and chronic pelvic pain","author":"Motamedi","year":"2015"},{"key":"b33-focus15208","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1477","article-title":"Aggressive endometriosis in bone","volume":"339","author":"Oei","year":"1992"},{"key":"b34-focus15208","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","first-page":"436","article-title":"Cyclic sciatica related to an extrapelvic endometriosis of the sciatic nerve: new concepts in surgical therapy","volume":"15","author":"Papapietro","year":"2002"},{"key":"b35-focus15208","series-title":"Fertil Steril","first-page":"351.e11","article-title":"Magnetic resonance neurography for the diagnosis of extrapelvic sciatic endometriosis","volume":"94","author":"Pham","year":"2010"},{"key":"b36-focus15208","series-title":"Fertil Steril","first-page":"417.e17","article-title":"Isolated inflltrative endometriosis of the sciatic nerve: a report of three patients","volume":"87","author":"Possover","year":"2007"},{"key":"b37-focus15208","series-title":"Gynecol Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"The \u201cneurologic hypothesis\u201d: a new concept in the pathogenesis of the endometriosis?","volume":"2","author":"Possover","year":"2005"},{"key":"b38-focus15208","series-title":"Fertil Steril","first-page":"756","article-title":"Laparoscopic therapy for endometriosis and vascular entrapment of sacral plexus","volume":"95","author":"Possover","year":"2011"},{"key":"b39-focus15208","series-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol","first-page":"340","article-title":"Comparative study of the neuropeptide-Y sympathetic nerves in endometriotic involved and noninvolved sacrouterine ligaments in women with pelvic endometriosis","volume":"16","author":"Possover","year":"2009"},{"key":"b40-focus15208","series-title":"J Reprod Med","first-page":"434","article-title":"Endometriosis of the obturator nerve. A case report","volume":"35","author":"Redwine","year":"1990"},{"key":"b41-focus15208","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"442","article-title":"Peritoneal endometriosis due to menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity","volume":"14","author":"Sampson","year":"1927"},{"key":"b42-focus15208","series-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol","first-page":"642","article-title":"An unusual case of post-traumatic endometriosis involving the sciatic nerve in the right greater sciatic notch","volume":"30","author":"Shetty","year":"2010"},{"key":"b43-focus15208","series-title":"Rehabilitaci\u00f3n","first-page":"64","article-title":"Endometriosis ci\u00e1tica: una causa poco conocida de ciatalgia","volume":"48","author":"Soriano Guill\u00e9n","year":"2014"},{"key":"b44-focus15208","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"799","article-title":"Endometriosis of the conus medullaris causing cyclic radiculopathy","volume":"21","author":"Steinberg","year":"2014"},{"key":"b45-focus15208","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","first-page":"995","article-title":"Endometriosis of the sciatic nerve","volume":"69","author":"Teixeira","year":"2011"},{"key":"b46-focus15208","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"473","article-title":"Endometriosis of the sciatic nerve: a report of two cases and a review of the literature","volume":"71","author":"Torkelson","year":"1988"},{"key":"b47-focus15208","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"383","article-title":"Evidence for asymmetric distribution of sciatic nerve endometriosis","volume":"102","author":"Vercellini","year":"2003"},{"key":"b48-focus15208","series-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol","first-page":"261","article-title":"Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Vercellini","year":"2014"},{"key":"b49-focus15208","series-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol","first-page":"525","article-title":"Laparoscopic neurolysis of the pelvic sciatic nerve in a case of catamenial footdrop","volume":"12","author":"Volpi","year":"2005"},{"key":"b50-focus15208","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","first-page":"763","article-title":"Sciatic nerve tumor and tumor-like lesions-uncommon pathologies","volume":"41","author":"Wadhwa","year":"2012"},{"key":"b51-focus15208","series-title":"Jpn J Radiol","first-page":"446","article-title":"Perineural spread of endometriosis along the obturator nerve into the adductor thigh compartment","volume":"30","author":"Waer","year":"2012"},{"key":"b52-focus15208","series-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"566","article-title":"Current concepts in the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"42","author":"Witz","year":"1999"},{"key":"b53-focus15208","series-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol","first-page":"S133","article-title":"Cyclic sciatica due to endometriosis of the sciatica nerve: neurolysis with combined laparoscopic and transgluteal approaches","volume":"21","author":"Yao","year":"2014"},{"key":"b54-focus15208","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","first-page":"165","article-title":"Cyclic sciatica caused by inflltrative endometriosis: MRI findings","volume":"33","author":"Yekeler","year":"2004"},{"key":"b55-focus15208","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","first-page":"328","article-title":"Diagnostic features of sciatica without lumbar nerve root compression","volume":"22","author":"Yoshimoto","year":"2009"},{"key":"b56-focus15208","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"827","article-title":"Catamenial mononeuropathy and radiculopathy: a treatable neuropathic disorder","volume":"88","author":"Zager","year":"1998"},{"key":"b1-focus15208","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2331","article-title":"Perineural tumor spread of bladder cancer causing lumbosacral plexopathy: an anatomic explanation","volume":"156","author":"Aghion","year":"2014"},{"key":"b2-focus15208","series-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest","first-page":"112","article-title":"Increased nerve density in deep infiltrating endometriotic nodules","volume":"71","author":"Anaf","year":"2011"},{"key":"b3-focus15208","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"996","article-title":"Preferential infiltration of large bowel endometriosis along the nerves of the colon","volume":"19","author":"Anaf","year":"2004"},{"key":"b4-focus15208","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"1744","article-title":"Relationship between endometriotic foci and nerves in rectovaginal endometriotic nodules","volume":"15","author":"Anaf","year":"2000"},{"key":"b5-focus15208","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"1895","article-title":"Hyperalgesia, nerve infiltration and nerve growth factor expression in deep adenomyotic nodules, peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis","volume":"17","author":"Anaf","year":"2002"},{"key":"b6-focus15208","series-title":"Annu Rev Physiol","first-page":"163","article-title":"Endometriosis: the role of neuroangiogenesis","volume":"73","author":"Asante","year":"2011"},{"key":"b7-focus15208","series-title":"Fertil Steril","first-page":"511","article-title":"Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis","volume":"98","author":"Burney","year":"2012"},{"key":"b8-focus15208","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"560","article-title":"Perineural tumor spread to the muscle: An alternative for muscle metastasis?","volume":"28","author":"Capek","year":"2015"},{"key":"b9-focus15208","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","first-page":"1365","article-title":"Perineural spread in pelvic malignancies can be an alternate explanation for pelvic bony metastases rather than hematogenous spread. A report of two cases","volume":"44","author":"Capek","year":"2015"},{"key":"b10-focus15208","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"778","article-title":"Prostate cancer with perineural spread and dural extension causing bilateral lumbosacral plexopathy: case report","volume":"122","author":"Capek","year":"2015"},{"key":"b11-focus15208","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"136","article-title":"Recurrent rectal cancer causing lumbosacral plexopathy with perineural spread to the spinal nerves and the sciatic nerve: an anatomic explanation","volume":"28","author":"Capek","year":"2015"},{"key":"b12-focus15208","series-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol","first-page":"419","article-title":"Role of eutopic endometrium in pelvic endometriosis","volume":"18","author":"Carvalho","year":"2011"},{"key":"b13-focus15208","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","first-page":"474","article-title":"Cyclic sciatica in a patient with deep monolateral endometriosis infiltrating the right sciatic nerve","volume":"24","author":"Ceccaroni","year":"2011"},{"key":"b14-focus15208","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"157","article-title":"Anatomical distribution of deeply infiltrating endometriosis: surgical implications and proposition for a classification","volume":"18","author":"Chapron","year":"2003"},{"key":"b15-focus15208","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"702","article-title":"Ovarian endometrioma: severe pelvic pain is associated with deeply infiltrating endometriosis","volume":"27","author":"Chapron","year":"2012"},{"key":"b16-focus15208","series-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil","first-page":"142","article-title":"Endometriosis of the ischio-rectal excavation at the contact of the sciatic nerve: a case report of neurolysis by pararectal incision","volume":"38","author":"Chauvin","year":"2010"},{"key":"b17-focus15208","series-title":"South Med J","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Sciatic syndrome due to endometriosis of sciatic nerve","volume":"48","author":"Denton","year":"1955"},{"key":"b18-focus15208","series-title":"Neurocirugia (Astur)","first-page":"170","article-title":"Sciatica secondary to extrapelvic endometriosis affecting the piriformis muscle. 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