{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T18:22:59Z","timestamp":1773858179837,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nonpowder guns, defined as spring- or gas-powered BB or pellet guns, can be dangerous weapons that are often marketed to children. In recent decades, advances in compressed-gas technology have led to a significant increase in the power and muzzle velocity of these weapons. The risk of intracranial injury in children due to nonpowder weapons is poorly documented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A retrospective review was conducted at 3 institutions studying children 16 years or younger who had intracranial injuries secondary to nonpowder guns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors reviewed 14 cases of intracranial injury in children from 3 institutions. Eleven (79%) of the 14 children were injured by BB guns, while 3 (21%) were injured by pellet guns. In 10 (71%) children, the injury was accidental. There was 1 recognized assault, but there were no suicide attempts; in the remaining 3 patients, the intention was indeterminate. There were no mortalities among the patients in this series. Ten (71%) of the children required operative intervention, and 6 (43%) were left with permanent neurological injuries, including epilepsy, cognitive deficits, hydrocephalus, diplopia, visual field cut, and blindness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nonpowder guns are weapons with the ability to penetrate a child\u2019s skull and brain. Awareness should be raised among parents, children, and policy makers as to the risk posed by these weapons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.peds15148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,24]],"date-time":"2015-10-24T12:54:35Z","timestamp":1445691275000},"page":"215-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Penetrating head injuries in children due to BB and pellet guns: a poorly recognized public health risk"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ravi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant 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