{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:03:08Z","timestamp":1791406988128,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\nDeep brain stimulation of the thalamus was introduced more than 40 years ago with the objective of improving the performance and attention of patients in a vegetative or minimally conscious state. Here, the authors report the results of the Cortical Activation by Thalamic Stimulation (CATS) study, a prospective multiinstitutional study on the effects of bilateral chronic stimulation of the anterior intralaminar thalamic nuclei and adjacent paralaminar regions in patients affected by a disorder of consciousness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nMETHODS<\/jats:title>\nThe authors evaluated the clinical and radiological data of 29 patients in a vegetative state (unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) and 11 in a minimally conscious state that lasted for more than 6 months. Of these patients, 5 were selected for bilateral stereotactic implantation of deep brain stimulating electrodes into their thalamus. A definitive consensus for surgery was obtained for 3 of the selected patients. All 3 patients (2 in a vegetative state and 1 in a minimally conscious state) underwent implantation of bilateral thalamic electrodes and submitted to chronic stimulation for a minimum of 18 months and a maximum of 48 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nRESULTS<\/jats:title>\nIn each case, there was an increase in desynchronization and the power spectrum of electroencephalograms, and improvement in the Coma Recovery Scale\u2013Revised scores was found. Furthermore, the severity of limb spasticity and the number and severity of pathological movements were reduced. However, none of these patients returned to a fully conscious state.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nCONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\nDespite the limited number of patients studied, the authors confirmed that bilateral thalamic stimulation can improve the clinical status of patients affected by a disorder of consciousness, even though this stimulation did not induce persistent, clinically evident conscious behavior in the patients.<\/jats:p>\nClinical trial registration no.: NCT01027572 (ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.7.jns15700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T15:02:29Z","timestamp":1452265349000},"page":"972-981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Results of a prospective study (CATS) on the effects of thalamic stimulation in minimally conscious and vegetative state patients"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Magrassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurochirurgia Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, University of Pavia\u2013Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Maggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurorehabilitation Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Pistarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurorehabilitation Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Di Perri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Neurological Institute IRCCS Fondazione C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy;"},{"name":"Coma Science Group, Cyclotoron Research Center, University of Liege, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bastianello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Neurological Institute IRCCS Fondazione C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio G.","family":"Zippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, CNR, Segrate; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio A.","family":"Iotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rianimazione 2\u00b0 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele E. 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