{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:35:53Z","timestamp":1788496553443,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECT<\/jats:title>\n \n The difference in course and outcome of several neurodegenerative conditions and traumatic injuries of the nervous system points toward a possible role of genetic and environmental factors as prognostic markers. Apolipoprotein E (Apo-E), a key player in lipid metabolism, is recognized as one of the most powerful genetic risk factors for dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, the current understanding of\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism in various neurological disorders is discussed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n \n The English literature was searched for various studies describing the role of\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism as a prognostic marker in neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury. The wide ethnic distribution of\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism was discussed, and the recent meta-analyses of role of\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism in multiple diseases were analyzed and summarized in tabular form.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Results from the review of literature revealed that the distribution of\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n is varied in different ethnic populations.\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism plays a significant role in pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, particularly in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.\n APOE \u03b54<\/jats:italic>\n is considered a marker for poor prognosis in various diseases, but\n APOE \u03b52<\/jats:italic>\n rather than\n APOE \u03b54<\/jats:italic>\n has been associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related bleeding and sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease. The role of\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism in various neurological diseases has not been conclusively elucidated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n \n Apo-E is a biomarker for various neurological and systemic diseases. Therefore, while analyzing the role of\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism in neurological diseases, the interpretation should be done after adjusting all the confounding factors. A continuous quest to look for associations with various neurological diseases and wide knowledge of available literature are required to improve the understanding of the role of\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism in these conditions and identify potential therapeutic targets.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.8.focus15329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T02:36:31Z","timestamp":1446345391000},"page":"E3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Role of apolipoprotein E polymorphism as a prognostic marker in traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease: a critical review"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tanmoy Kumar","family":"Maiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhas","family":"Konar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyamal","family":"Bir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyush","family":"Kalakoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Papireddy","family":"Bollam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus15329","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"6249","article-title":"Human apolipoprotein E3 in aqueous solution. 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II. 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