{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T12:52:22Z","timestamp":1783774342411,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the intracranial schwannomas, those arising from the vestibular nerves are the most common. Abducens nerve (AN) schwannomas are very rare, and there is limited literature on their optimal management. Therapeutic options include surgery and\/or stereotactic radiosurgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in these sixth cranial nerve (CN) schwannomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone GKRS for intracranial tumors at their institute in the period from 2003 to 2010. Inclusion criteria were as follows: isolated AN paresis on presentation, a lesion along the course of the sixth CN, and imaging features characteristic of a schwannoma. Patients with other CN deficits and neurofibromatosis Type 2 were excluded. Symptomatic improvement was defined as the resolution of or an improvement in diplopia noted on a subjective basis or as an improvement in lateral eyeball excursion noted objectively on follow-up. A reduction in tumor volume by at least 20%, as noted by comparing the pre- and post-GKRS images, was deemed significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Six patients with a mean age of 37.1 years (range 17\u201355 years) underwent primary GKRS. There were 2 prepontine cistern, 3 cavernous sinus, and 1 cisterno-cavernous tumor. The mean duration of symptoms was 6.1 months (range 3\u201312 months). The mean tumor volume was 3.3 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (range 1.5\u20134.8 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). The mean tumor margin radiation dose was 12.5 Gy (range 12\u201314 Gy), while the median margin dose was 12 Gy (50% isodose line). The median number of isocenters used was 5 (range 4\u20138). The brainstem received an average 8.35-Gy radiation dosage (range 5.5\u201311 Gy). The mean follow-up duration was 44.3 months (range 24\u201378 months). Symptoms remained stable in 1 patient, improved in 3, and resolved in 2 (total improvement 83%). Magnetic resonance imaging at the last follow-up showed a stable tumor size in 3 patients (50%) and a reduction in the other 3. Thus, the tumor control rate achieved was 100%. No new CN deficits were noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Abducens nerve schwannomas are rare intracranial tumors. They can be cavernous, cisternal, or cisterno-cavernous in location. Excellent tumor control rates and symptomatic improvement can be achieved with GKRS, which appears to be a safe and effective, minimally invasive modality for the treatment of such lesions. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider GKRS as the initial treatment of choice for this rare pathology. Long-term follow-up will be essential for further recommendations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.8.jns151140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]],"date-time":"2016-01-29T15:03:24Z","timestamp":1454079804000},"page":"832-837","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gamma Knife radiosurgery in the treatment of abducens nerve schwannomas: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Govindaraju Lakshmi","family":"Prasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish Singh","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashank S.","family":"Kale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manmohan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhawani Shankar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns151140","series-title":"Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720300076","article-title":"Sixth nerve schwannoma: a case report with literature review","volume":"24","author":"Acharya","year":"2003"},{"key":"b2-jns151140","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.37.416","article-title":"Trochlear and abducens nerve neurinomas accompanied by a cerebellopontine angle meningioma\u2014case report","volume":"37","author":"Beppu","year":"1997"},{"key":"b3-jns151140","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(92)90172-J","article-title":"Neurinoma of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves: a survey and report of a new fourth nerve case","volume":"38","author":"Celli","year":"1992"},{"key":"b4-jns151140","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699646899","article-title":"Stereotactic multiple arc radiotherapy. 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