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In addition, tracheal intubation is often difficult in these patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphological features of the oropharynx and oral cavity in patients with Chiari malformation Type I to help identify underlying anatomical anomalies leading to these debilitating symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy-six adult patients with symptomatic Chiari malformation Type I with cerebellar tonsillar descent greater than 5 mm below the foramen magnum and a small posterior cranial fossa and 49 sex-matched controls were selected to perform a retrospective case-control MRI-based morphometric study in a tertiary hospital. Eleven linear and areal parameters of the oropharyngeal cavity on midsagittal T1-weighted MRI were measured and the average values between patients and control cohorts were compared. Correlations between variables showing or approaching statistical significance in these structures and posterior cranial fossa measurements related with the occipital bone were sought.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant differences were detected for several oropharynx and oral cavity measures in the patient cohort, primarily involving the length and thickness of the soft palate (p = 9.5E-05 and p = 3.0E-03, respectively). A statistically significant (p &lt; 0.01) moderate correlation between some of these variables and posterior cranial fossa parameters was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The existence of structural oropharyngeal and oral cavity anomalies in patients with Chiari malformation Type I was confirmed, which may contribute to the frequent occurrence of respiratory and deglutitory complications and sleep disorders in this syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.1.jns151590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T14:03:53Z","timestamp":1462543433000},"page":"626-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cephalometric oropharynx and oral cavity analysis in Chiari malformation Type I: a retrospective case-control study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Aintzane","family":"Urbizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute;"},{"name":"Conquer Chiari Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Ferr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Unit, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria-Antonia","family":"Poca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Unit (IDI), Department of Radiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Sahuquillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryn A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conquer Chiari Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Macaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns151590","series-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1448-z","article-title":"The comparison of cephalometric characteristics in nonobese obstructive sleep apnea subjects and primary snorers cephalometric measures in nonobese OSA and primary snorers","volume":"268","author":"Akpinar ME,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akpinar ME, Celikoyar MM, Altundag A, Kocak I: The comparison of cephalometric characteristics in nonobese obstructive sleep apnea subjects and primary snorers cephalometric measures in nonobese OSA and primary snorers. 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