{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:26:46Z","timestamp":1791617206245,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Bony overgrowth and spontaneous fusion are complications of cervical arthroplasty. In contrast, bone loss or bone remodeling of vertebral bodies at the operation segment after cervical arthroplasty has also been observed. The purpose of this study is to investigate a potential complication\u2014bone loss of the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies at the surgically treated segment after cervical total disc replacement (TDR)\u2014and discuss the clinical significance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n All enrolled patients underwent follow-up for more than 24 months after cervical arthroplasty using the Baguera C disc. Clinical evaluations included recording demographic data and measuring the visual analog scale and Neck Disability Index scores. Radiographic evaluations included measurements of the functional spinal unit's range of motion and changes such as bone loss and bone remodeling. The grading of the bone loss of the operative segment was classified as follows: Grade 1, disappearance of the anterior osteophyte or small minor bone loss; Grade 2, bone loss of the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies at the operation segment without exposure of the artificial disc; or Grade 3, significant bone loss with exposure of the anterior portion of the artificial disc.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Forty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, bone loss developed in 29 patients (Grade 1 in 15 patients, Grade 2 in 6 patients, and Grade 3 in 8 patients). Grade 3 bone loss was significantly associated with postoperative neck pain (p < 0.05). Bone loss was related to the motion preservation effect of the operative segment after cervical arthroplasty in contrast to heterotopic ossification.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Bone loss may be a potential complication of cervical TDR and affect early postoperative neck pain. However, it did not affect mid- to long-term clinical outcomes or prosthetic failure at the last follow-up. Also, this phenomenon may result in the motion preservation effect in the operative segment after cervical TDR.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.focus16393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T03:38:08Z","timestamp":1485920288000},"page":"E7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Bone loss of vertebral bodies at the operative segment after cervical arthroplasty: a potential complication?"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Dong Hwa","family":"Heo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, The Leon Wiltse Memorial Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Chan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, The Leon Wiltse Memorial Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Yang","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, The Leon Wiltse Memorial Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choon Keun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, The Leon Wiltse Memorial Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus16393","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"1410","article-title":"Contribution of loading conditions and material properties to stress shielding near the tibial component of total knee replacements","volume":"40","author":"Au","year":"2007"},{"key":"b2-focus16393","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"1722","article-title":"Comparison of different hip prosthesis shapes considering micro-level bone remodeling and stress-shielding criteria using three-dimensional design space topology optimization","volume":"44","author":"Boyle","year":"2011"},{"key":"b3-focus16393","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"516","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic analysis of an artificial cervical disc: 7-year follow-up from the Prestige prospective randomized controlled clinical trial: Clinical article","volume":"21","author":"Burkus","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4-focus16393","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1370","article-title":"Evidence-based analysis of adjacent segment degeneration and disease after ACDF: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Carrier","year":"2013"},{"key":"b5-focus16393","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"312","article-title":"Effects of stemmed and nonstemmed hip replacement on stress distribution of proximal femur and implant","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2014"},{"key":"b6-focus16393","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1640","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of a metal-on-metal cervical intervertebral disc prosthesis","volume":"13","author":"Colle","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7-focus16393","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"36","article-title":"Prospective randomized study of cervical arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with long-term follow-up: results in 74 patients from a single site","volume":"18","author":"Coric","year":"2013"},{"key":"b8-focus16393","series-title":"J Knee Surg","first-page":"139","article-title":"Wear and loosening in total knee arthroplasty: a quick review","volume":"28","author":"Fraser","year":"2015"},{"key":"b9-focus16393","series-title":"Acta Biomater","first-page":"8046","article-title":"Osteolysis around total knee arthroplasty: a review of pathogenetic mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Gallo","year":"2013"},{"key":"b10-focus16393","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"101","article-title":"Comparison of BRYAN cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical decompression and fusion: clinical and radiographic results of a randomized, controlled, clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Heller","year":"2009"},{"key":"b11-focus16393","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"E309","article-title":"Do postoperative biomechanical changes induce heterotopic ossification after cervical arthroplasty?: A 5-year follow-up study","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2016"},{"key":"b12-focus16393","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"2872","article-title":"Bone loss of the superior adjacent vertebral body immediately posterior to the anterior flange of Bryan cervical disc","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2015"},{"key":"b13-focus16393","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","first-page":"705","article-title":"Total disk arthroplasty","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2006"},{"key":"b14-focus16393","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"556","article-title":"Four-year results of a prospective single-arm study on 200 semi-constrained total cervical disc prostheses: clinical and radiographic outcome","volume":"25","author":"Meisel","year":"2016"},{"issue":"S1","key":"b15-focus16393","series-title":"Evid Based Spine Care J","first-page":"59","article-title":"Cervical artificial disc replacement versus fusion in the cervical spine: a systematic review comparing long-term follow-up results from two FDA trials","volume":"3","author":"Mummaneni","year":"2012"},{"key":"b16-focus16393","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Relationship between polyethylene wear and osteolysis in hips with a second-generation porous-coated cementless cup after seven years of follow-up","volume":"85-A","author":"Orishimo","year":"2003"},{"key":"b17-focus16393","series-title":"Int Orthop","first-page":"419","article-title":"Bone loss management in total knee revision surgery","volume":"38","author":"Panegrossi","year":"2014"},{"key":"b18-focus16393","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"213","article-title":"Five-year clinical results of cervical total disc replacement compared with anterior discectomy and fusion for treatment of 2-level symptomatic degenerative disc disease: a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter investigational device exemption clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Radcliff","year":"2016"},{"key":"b19-focus16393","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"E522","article-title":"Feasibility and biomechanics of multilevel arthroplasty and combined cervical arthrodesis and arthroplasty","volume":"29","author":"Safavi-Abbasi","year":"2016"},{"key":"b20-focus16393","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","article-title":"Alternative procedures for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: arthroplasty, oblique corpectomy, skip laminectomy: evaluation of comparative effectiveness and safety","author":"Traynelis","year":"2013"},{"key":"b21-focus16393","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E973","article-title":"Progressive vertebral body osteolysis after cervical disc arthroplasty","volume":"36","author":"Tumial\u00e1n","year":"2011"},{"key":"b22-focus16393","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","first-page":"543","article-title":"Bone loss following knee arthroplasty: potential treatment options","volume":"134","author":"Vasso","year":"2014"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"b23-focus16393","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"S494","article-title":"Rare complications of osteolysis and periprosthetic tissue reactions after hybrid and non-hybrid total disc replacement","volume":"24","author":"Veruva","year":"2015"},{"key":"b24-focus16393","series-title":"BioMed Res Int","first-page":"372502","article-title":"Spinal motion preservation surgery","volume":"2015","author":"Wu","year":"2015"},{"key":"b1-focus16393","series-title":"J 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review","volume":"28","author":"Fraser","year":"2015"},{"key":"b9-focus16393","series-title":"Acta Biomater","first-page":"8046","article-title":"Osteolysis around total knee arthroplasty: a review of pathogenetic mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Gallo","year":"2013"},{"key":"b10-focus16393","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"101","article-title":"Comparison of BRYAN cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical decompression and fusion: clinical and radiographic results of a randomized, controlled, clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Heller","year":"2009"},{"key":"b11-focus16393","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"E309","article-title":"Do postoperative biomechanical changes induce heterotopic ossification after cervical arthroplasty?: A 5-year follow-up study","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2016"},{"key":"b12-focus16393","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"2872","article-title":"Bone loss of the superior adjacent vertebral body immediately posterior to the anterior flange of Bryan cervical disc","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2015"},{"key":"b13-focus16393","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","first-page":"705","article-title":"Total disk arthroplasty","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2006"},{"key":"b14-focus16393","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"556","article-title":"Four-year results of a prospective single-arm study on 200 semi-constrained total cervical disc prostheses: clinical and radiographic outcome","volume":"25","author":"Meisel","year":"2016"},{"issue":"S1","key":"b15-focus16393","series-title":"Evid Based Spine Care J","first-page":"59","article-title":"Cervical artificial disc replacement versus fusion in the cervical spine: a systematic review comparing long-term follow-up results from two FDA trials","volume":"3","author":"Mummaneni","year":"2012"},{"key":"b16-focus16393","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Relationship between 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arthroplasty","volume":"29","author":"Safavi-Abbasi","year":"2016"},{"key":"b20-focus16393","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","article-title":"Alternative procedures for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: arthroplasty, oblique corpectomy, skip laminectomy: evaluation of comparative effectiveness and safety","author":"Traynelis","year":"2013"},{"key":"b21-focus16393","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E973","article-title":"Progressive vertebral body osteolysis after cervical disc arthroplasty","volume":"36","author":"Tumial\u00e1n","year":"2011"},{"key":"b22-focus16393","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","first-page":"543","article-title":"Bone loss following knee arthroplasty: potential treatment options","volume":"134","author":"Vasso","year":"2014"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"b23-focus16393","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"S494","article-title":"Rare complications of osteolysis and periprosthetic tissue reactions after hybrid and 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