{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T04:14:53Z","timestamp":1743394493034,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of injury of the cochlear nerve during angle (CPA) surgery is high. Granulocyte colony\u2013stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been found in various experimental models of peripheral and CNS injury to have a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. However, to the authors' knowledge, the influence of G-CSF on cochlear nerve regeneration has not been reported. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of G-CSF after a partial cochlear nerve lesion in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A lesion of the right cochlear nerve in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was created using a water-jet dissector with a pressure of 8 bar. In the first group (G-CSF-post), G-CSF was administrated on Days 1, 3, and 5 after the surgery. The second group (G-CSF-pre\/post) was treated with G-CSF 1 day before and 1, 3, and 5 days after applying the nerve injury. The control group received sodium chloride after nerve injury at the various time points. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were measured directly before and after nerve injury and on Days 1 and 7 to evaluate the acoustic function of the cochlear nerve. The animals were sacrificed 1 week after the operation, and their brains were fixed in formalin. Nissl staining of the cochlear nuclei was performed, and histological sections were analyzed with a light microscope and an image-processing program. The numbers of neurons in the cochlear nuclei were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The values for Waves 2 and 4 of the BAEPs decreased abruptly in all 3 groups in the direct postoperative measurement. Although the amplitude in the control group did not recover, it increased in both treatment groups. According to 2-way ANOVA, groups treated with G-CSF had a significant increase in BAEP Wave II amplitudes on the right side (p = 0.0401) after the applied cochlear nerve injury. With respect to Wave IV, a trend toward better recovery in the G-CSF groups was found, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In the histological analysis, higher numbers of neurons were found in the G-CSF groups. In the statistical analysis, the difference in the numbers of neurons between the control and G-CSF-post groups reached significance (p = 0.0086). The difference in the numbers of neurons between the control and G-CSF-pre\/post groups and between the G-CSF-post and G-CSF-pre\/post groups did not reach statistical significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of G-CSF improved the function of the eighth cranial nerve and protected cochlear nucleus cells from destruction after a controlled partial injury of the nerve. These findings might be relevant for surgery that involves CPA tumors. The use of G-CSF in patients with a lesion in the CPA might improve postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.jns161109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T14:59:48Z","timestamp":1487343588000},"page":"296-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of granulocyte colony\u2013stimulating factor on the cochlear nuclei after creation of a partial nerve lesion: an experimental study in rats"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Guilherme Ramina","family":"Montibeller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Saar, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schackmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Saar, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffi","family":"Urbschat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Saar, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim M. K.","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Saar, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns161109","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Hearing preservation and facial nerve outcomes in vestibular schwannoma surgery: results using the middle cranial fossa approach","volume":"27","author":"Arts HA,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arts HA, Telian SA, El-Kashlan H, Thompson BG: Hearing preservation and facial nerve outcomes in vestibular schwannoma surgery: results using the middle cranial fossa approach. Otol Neurotol 27:234\u2013241, 200616436995"},{"key":"b2-jns161109","series-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem","first-page":"33","article-title":"The antiapoptotic effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor reduces infarct size and prevents heart failure development in rats","volume":"28","author":"Baldo MP,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baldo MP, Davel APC, Damas-Souza DM, Nicoletti-Carvalho JE, Bordin S, Carvalho HF, : The antiapoptotic effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor reduces infarct size and prevents heart failure development in rats. Cell Physiol Biochem 28:33\u201340, 201121865846"},{"key":"b3-jns161109","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"3158","article-title":"Autologous transplantation with peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected after administration of recombinant granulocyte stimulating factor","volume":"81","author":"Bensinger W,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bensinger W, Singer J, Appelbaum F, Lilleby K, Longin K, Rowley S, : Autologous transplantation with peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected after administration of recombinant granulocyte stimulating factor. Blood 81:3158\u20133163, 19937684625"},{"key":"b4-jns161109","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"1482","article-title":"Efficient retrovirus transduction of mouse pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into the peripheral blood by treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor","volume":"84","author":"Bodine DM,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bodine DM, Seidel NE, Gale MS, Nienhuis AW, Orlic D: Efficient retrovirus transduction of mouse pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into the peripheral blood by treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor. Blood 84:1482\u20131491, 19947520774"},{"key":"b5-jns161109","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2031","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor \u201cmobilized\u201d peripheral blood progenitor cells accelerate granulocyte and platelet recovery after high-dose chemotherapy","volume":"81","author":"Chao NJ,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chao NJ, Schriber JR, Grimes K, Long GD, Negrin RS, Raimondi CM, : Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor \u201cmobilized\u201d peripheral blood progenitor cells accelerate granulocyte and platelet recovery after high-dose chemotherapy. Blood 81:2031\u20132035, 19937682454"},{"key":"b6-jns161109","series-title":"Neuroscience","first-page":"31","article-title":"Intrathecally injected granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced neuroprotective effects in spinal cord ischemia via the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt pathways","volume":"153","author":"Chen WF,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen WF, Jean YH, Sung CS, Wu GJ, Huang SY, Ho JT, : Intrathecally injected granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced neuroprotective effects in spinal cord ischemia via the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt pathways. Neuroscience 153:31\u201343, 200818358629"},{"key":"b7-jns161109","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2791","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and its receptor","volume":"78","author":"Demetri GD,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Demetri GD, Griffin JD: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and its receptor. Blood 78:2791\u20132808, 19911720034"},{"key":"b8-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurosci","first-page":"11572","article-title":"The role of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the healthy brain: a characterization of G-CSF-deficient mice","volume":"29","author":"Diederich K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diederich K, Sevimli S, D\u00f6rr H, K\u00f6sters E, Hoppen M, Lewejohann L, : The role of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the healthy brain: a characterization of G-CSF-deficient mice. J Neurosci 29:11572\u201311581, 2009"},{"key":"b9-jns161109","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"1656","article-title":"Activation of Akt kinase by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF): evidence for the role of a tyrosine kinase activity distinct from the Janus kinases","volume":"95","author":"Dong F,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dong F, Larner AC: Activation of Akt kinase by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF): evidence for the role of a tyrosine kinase activity distinct from the Janus kinases. Blood 95:1656\u20131662, 200010688821"},{"key":"b10-jns161109","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"763","article-title":"G-CSF suppresses edema formation and reduces interleukin-1\u03b2 expression after cerebral ischemia in mice","volume":"64","author":"Gibson CL,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gibson CL, Jones NC, Prior MJW, Bath PMW, Murphy SP: G-CSF suppresses edema formation and reduces interleukin-1\u03b2 expression after cerebral ischemia in mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 64:763\u2013769, 200516141785"},{"key":"b11-jns161109","series-title":"J Immunol","first-page":"918","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment protects rodents against lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity via suppression of systemic tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1","volume":"149","author":"G\u00f6rgen I,","year":"1992","unstructured":"G\u00f6rgen I, Hartung T, Leist M, Nieh\u00f6rster M, Tiegs G, Uhlig S, : Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment protects rodents against lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity via suppression of systemic tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1. J Immunol 149:918\u2013924, 19921378868"},{"key":"b12-jns161109","series-title":"Nat Med","first-page":"305","article-title":"G-CSF prevents cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by activating the Jak-Stat pathway in cardiomyocytes","volume":"11","author":"Harada M,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harada M, Qin Y, Takano H, Minamino T, Zou Y, Toko H, : G-CSF prevents cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by activating the Jak-Stat pathway in cardiomyocytes. Nat Med 11:305\u2013311, 200515723072"},{"key":"b13-jns161109","series-title":"Curr Opin Hematol","first-page":"221","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor","volume":"5","author":"Hartung T:","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hartung T: Anti-inflammatory effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Curr Opin Hematol 5:221\u2013225, 19989664164"},{"key":"b14-jns161109","series-title":"Laryngorhinootologie","first-page":"320","article-title":"[Clinical presentation and diagnosis of small acoustic neurinomas.]","volume":"73","author":"H\u00f6hmann D,","year":"1994","unstructured":"H\u00f6hmann D, Dornhoffer JL: [Clinical presentation and diagnosis of small acoustic neurinomas.]. Laryngorhinootologie 73:320\u2013323, 1994. (Ger)8060451"},{"key":"b15-jns161109","series-title":"Neurobiol Aging","first-page":"1258","article-title":"G-CSF protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-OHDA-induced toxicity via the ERK pathway","volume":"28","author":"Huang HY,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang HY, Lin SZ, Kuo JS, Chen WF, Wang MJ: G-CSF protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-OHDA-induced toxicity via the ERK pathway. Neurobiol Aging 28:1258\u20131269, 200716839644"},{"key":"b16-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"A563","article-title":"Does G-CSF have a regenerative influence on traumatic lesions of the sciatic nerve in rats?","volume":"119","author":"Keiner D,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keiner D, von Pein H, Sommer C, Heimann A, Kempski O, Oertel J: Does G-CSF have a regenerative influence on traumatic lesions of the sciatic nerve in rats?. J Neurosurg 119:A563, 2013. (Abstract 733)"},{"key":"b17-jns161109","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"120","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"1058","author":"Lee ST,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee ST, Chu K, Jung KH, Ko SY, Kim EH, Sinn DI, : Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 1058:120\u2013128, 200516150422"},{"year":"2009","series-title":"Praxis der Audiometrie","key":"b18-jns161109","unstructured":"Lehnhardt E, Laszig R: Praxis der Audiometrie Stuttgart, Thieme, 2009"},{"key":"b19-jns161109","series-title":"J Mol Neurosci","first-page":"127","article-title":"Increased neuronal apoptosis in medial prefrontal cortex is accompanied with changes of Bcl-2 and Bax in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"51","author":"Li Y,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li Y, Han F, Shi Y: Increased neuronal apoptosis in medial prefrontal cortex is accompanied with changes of Bcl-2 and Bax in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. J Mol Neurosci 51:127\u2013137, 2013"},{"key":"b20-jns161109","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"639","article-title":"Epidemiology of intracranial meningioma","volume":"72","author":"Longstreth WT Jr,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Longstreth WT Jr, Dennis LK, McGuire VM, Drangsholt MT, Koepsell TD: Epidemiology of intracranial meningioma. Cancer 72:639\u2013648, 19938334619"},{"key":"b21-jns161109","series-title":"W. Swanson. Trends Neurosci","first-page":"88","article-title":"Book review: Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain (2nd edn) by L","volume":"23","author":"Lopez LP:","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lopez LP: Book review: Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain (2nd edn) by L. W. Swanson. Trends Neurosci 23:88\u201389, 2000"},{"key":"b22-jns161109","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"200","article-title":"The effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in global cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"1136","author":"Matchett GA,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Matchett GA, Calinisan JB, Matchett GC, Martin RD, Zhang JH: The effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in global cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res 1136:200\u2013207, 200717210148"},{"key":"b23-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurochem","first-page":"675","article-title":"Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is neuroprotective in a model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"97","author":"Meuer K,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meuer K, Pitzer C, Teismann P, Kr\u00fcger C, G\u00f6ricke B, Laage R, : Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is neuroprotective in a model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 97:675\u2013686, 2006"},{"key":"b24-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"337","article-title":"Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery: importance of adhesion between the cochlear nerve and the tumor","volume":"97","author":"Moriyama T,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moriyama T, Fukushima T, Asaoka K, Roche PH, Barrs DM, McElveen JT Jr: Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery: importance of adhesion between the cochlear nerve and the tumor. J Neurosurg 97:337\u2013340, 200212186461"},{"key":"b25-jns161109","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","first-page":"643","article-title":"Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor facilitates the regenerative process of injured mice skeletal muscle via the activation of Akt\/GSK3\u03b1\u03b2 signals","volume":"105","author":"Naito T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naito T, Goto K, Morioka S, Matsuba Y, Akema T, Sugiura T, : Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor facilitates the regenerative process of injured mice skeletal muscle via the activation of Akt\/GSK3\u03b1\u03b2 signals. Eur J Appl Physiol 105:643\u2013651, 200919048276"},{"issue":"2 Suppl Operative","key":"b26-jns161109","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ons103","article-title":"Contemporary surgical management of vestibular schwannomas: analysis of complications and lessons learned over the past decade","volume":"72","author":"Nonaka Y,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nonaka Y, Fukushima T, Watanabe K, Friedman AH, Sampson JH, Mcelveen JT Jr, : Contemporary surgical management of vestibular schwannomas: analysis of complications and lessons learned over the past decade. Neurosurgery 72:2 Suppl Operativeons103\u2013ons115, 201323037828"},{"key":"b27-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"A117","article-title":"What is the role of endoscopy during microsurgical removal of vestibular schwannomas?","volume":"76","author":"Oertel J,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oertel J, Montibeller G: What is the role of endoscopy during microsurgical removal of vestibular schwannomas?. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 76:A117, 2015"},{"key":"b28-jns161109","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"3335","article-title":"Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor improves outcome in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"131","author":"Pitzer C,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pitzer C, Kr\u00fcger C, Plaas C, Kirsch F, Dittgen T, M\u00fcller R, : Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor improves outcome in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 131:3335\u20133347, 2008"},{"key":"b29-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurochem","first-page":"930","article-title":"The hematopoietic factor granulocyte-colony stimulating factor improves outcome in experimental spinal cord injury","volume":"113","author":"Pitzer C,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pitzer C, Klussmann S, Kr\u00fcger C, Letellier E, Plaas C, Dittgen T, : The hematopoietic factor granulocyte-colony stimulating factor improves outcome in experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurochem 113:930\u2013942, 201020202082"},{"key":"b30-jns161109","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor after stroke in aged rats","volume":"41","author":"Popa-Wagner A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Popa-Wagner A, St\u00f6cker K, Balseanu AT, Rogalewski A, Diederich K, Minnerup J, : Effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor after stroke in aged rats. Stroke 41:1027\u20131031, 201020360546"},{"key":"b31-jns161109","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Acoustic evoked response following transection of the eighth nerve in the rat","volume":"142","author":"Rosahl SK,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rosahl SK, Tatagiba M, Gharabaghi A, Matthies C, Samii M: Acoustic evoked response following transection of the eighth nerve in the rat. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 142:1037\u20131045, 200011086814"},{"key":"b32-jns161109","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"745","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"34","author":"Sch\u00e4bitz WR,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4bitz WR, Kollmar R, Schwaninger M, Juettler E, Bardutzky J, Sch\u00f6lzke MN, : Neuroprotective effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 34:745\u2013751, 200312624302"},{"key":"b33-jns161109","series-title":"J Clin Invest","first-page":"2083","article-title":"The hematopoietic factor G-CSF is a neuronal ligand that counteracts programmed cell death and drives neurogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Schneider A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schneider A, Kr\u00fcger C, Steigleder T, Weber D, Pitzer C, Laage R, : The hematopoietic factor G-CSF is a neuronal ligand that counteracts programmed cell death and drives neurogenesis. J Clin Invest 115:2083\u20132098, 200516007267"},{"key":"b34-jns161109","series-title":"Cell Cycle","first-page":"1753","article-title":"A role for G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) in the central nervous system","volume":"4","author":"Schneider A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schneider A, Kuhn HG, Sch\u00e4bitz WR: A role for G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) in the central nervous system. Cell Cycle 4:1753\u20131757, 200516258290"},{"key":"b35-jns161109","series-title":"BMC Biol","first-page":"36","article-title":"An extended window of opportunity for G-CSF treatment in cerebral ischemia","volume":"4","author":"Schneider A,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schneider A, Wysocki R, Pitzer C, Kr\u00fcger C, Laage R, Schwab S, : An extended window of opportunity for G-CSF treatment in cerebral ischemia. BMC Biol 4:36\u201336, 200617049076"},{"key":"b36-jns161109","series-title":"Exp Neurol","first-page":"117","article-title":"Selective vulnerability of adult cochlear nucleus neurons to de-afferentation by mechanical compression","volume":"218","author":"Sekiya T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sekiya T, Canlon B, Viberg A, Matsumoto M, Kojima K, Ono K, : Selective vulnerability of adult cochlear nucleus neurons to de-afferentation by mechanical compression. Exp Neurol 218:117\u2013123, 200919393647"},{"key":"b37-jns161109","series-title":"Exp Neurol","first-page":"490","article-title":"An in vivo quantifiable model of cochlear neuronal degeneration induced by central process injury","volume":"161","author":"Sekiya T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sekiya T, Hatayama T, Shimamura N, Suzuki S: An in vivo quantifiable model of cochlear neuronal degeneration induced by central process injury. Exp Neurol 161:490\u2013502, 2000"},{"key":"b38-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"414","article-title":"Mechanical stress-induced reactive gliosis in the auditory nerve and cochlear nucleus","volume":"114","author":"Sekiya T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sekiya T, Matsumoto M, Kojima K, Ono K, Kikkawa YS, Kada S, : Mechanical stress-induced reactive gliosis in the auditory nerve and cochlear nucleus. J Neurosurg 114:414\u2013425, 201120367075"},{"key":"b39-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"90","article-title":"Effectiveness of preoperative administration of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist to enhance cochlear neuron resistance to intraoperative traumatic stress: an experimental study","volume":"93","author":"Sekiya T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sekiya T, Shimamura N, Hatayama T, Suzuki S: Effectiveness of preoperative administration of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist to enhance cochlear neuron resistance to intraoperative traumatic stress: an experimental study. J Neurosurg 93:90\u201398, 200010883910"},{"key":"b40-jns161109","series-title":"Hear Res","first-page":"125","article-title":"Methylprednisolone ameliorates cochlear nerve degeneration following mechanical injury","volume":"151","author":"Sekiya T,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sekiya T, Shimamura N, Suzuki S, Hatayama T: Methylprednisolone ameliorates cochlear nerve degeneration following mechanical injury. Hear Res 151:125\u2013132, 200111124459"},{"key":"b41-jns161109","series-title":"Hear Res","first-page":"91","article-title":"Axonal injury in auditory nerve observed in reversible latency changes of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) during cerebellopontine angle manipulations in rats","volume":"173","author":"Sekiya T,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sekiya T, Shimamura N, Yagihashi A, Suzuki S: Axonal injury in auditory nerve observed in reversible latency changes of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) during cerebellopontine angle manipulations in rats. Hear Res 173:91\u201399, 200212372638"},{"key":"b42-jns161109","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"152","article-title":"Macrophage invasion into injured cochlear nerve and its modification by methylprednisolone","volume":"905","author":"Sekiya T,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sekiya T, Tanaka M, Shimamura N, Suzuki S: Macrophage invasion into injured cochlear nerve and its modification by methylprednisolone. Brain Res 905:152\u2013160, 200111423090"},{"key":"b43-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurosci Res","first-page":"1924","article-title":"Trauma-specific insults to the cochlear nucleus in the rat","volume":"90","author":"Sekiya T,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sekiya T, Viberg A, Kojima K, Sakamoto T, Nakagawa T, Ito J, : Trauma-specific insults to the cochlear nucleus in the rat. J Neurosci Res 90:1924\u20131931, 2012"},{"key":"b44-jns161109","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"640","article-title":"Effect of peripheral-blood progenitor cells mobilised by filgrastim (G-CSF) on platelet recovery after high-dose chemotherapy","volume":"339","author":"Sheridan WP,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sheridan WP, Begley CG, Juttner CA, Szer J, To LB, Maher D, : Effect of peripheral-blood progenitor cells mobilised by filgrastim (G-CSF) on platelet recovery after high-dose chemotherapy. Lancet 339:640\u2013644, 19921371817"},{"key":"b45-jns161109","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"891","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and neutrophil recovery after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation","volume":"2","author":"Sheridan WP,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sheridan WP, Morstyn G, Wolf M, Dodds A, Lusk J, Maher D, : Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and neutrophil recovery after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Lancet 2:891\u2013895, 19892477656"},{"key":"b46-jns161109","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"167","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects the brain against experimental stroke via inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation","volume":"31","author":"Solaroglu I,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Solaroglu I, Cahill J, Tsubokawa T, Beskonakli E, Zhang JH: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects the brain against experimental stroke via inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation. Neurol Res 31:167\u2013172, 200919298757"},{"key":"b47-jns161109","series-title":"Br J Pharmacol","first-page":"333","article-title":"The effects of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on vascular dysfunction and splanchnic ischaemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"120","author":"Squadrito F,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Squadrito G, Campo GM, Ioculano M, Ammedolia L, : The effects of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on vascular dysfunction and splanchnic ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Br J Pharmacol 120:333\u2013339, 19979117128"},{"key":"b48-jns161109","series-title":"Lab Anim","first-page":"64","article-title":"Long-term anaesthesia using inhalatory isoflurane in different strains of mice-the haemodynamic effects","volume":"38","author":"Szczesny G,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Szczesny G, Veihelmann A, Massberg S, Nolte D, Messmer K: Long-term anaesthesia using inhalatory isoflurane in different strains of mice-the haemodynamic effects. Lab Anim 38:64\u201369, 200414979990"},{"key":"b49-jns161109","series-title":"J Comp Neurol","first-page":"421","article-title":"Naturally occurring neuron death during postnatal development of the gerbil ventral cochlear nucleus begins at the onset of hearing","volume":"387","author":"Tierney TS,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tierney TS, Moore DR: Naturally occurring neuron death during postnatal development of the gerbil ventral cochlear nucleus begins at the onset of hearing. J Comp Neurol 387:421\u2013429, 19979335424"},{"key":"b50-jns161109","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"1273","article-title":"GCSF rescues the memory impairment of animal models of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"204","author":"Tsai KJ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tsai KJ, Tsai YC, Shen CKJ: GCSF rescues the memory impairment of animal models of Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med 204:1273\u20131280, 200717517969"},{"key":"b51-jns161109","series-title":"Exp Eye Res","first-page":"537","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic effects of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush are PI3K\/AKT-dependent","volume":"90","author":"Tsai RK,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsai RK, Chang CH, Sheu MM, Huang ZL: Anti-apoptotic effects of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush are PI3K\/AKT-dependent. Exp Eye Res 90:537\u2013545, 201020144610"},{"key":"b52-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"656","article-title":"Waterjet dissection of the vestibulocochlear nerve: an experimental study","volume":"110","author":"Tschan C,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tschan C, Gaab MR, Krauss JK, Oertel J: Waterjet dissection of the vestibulocochlear nerve: an experimental study. J Neurosurg 110:656\u2013661, 200918834266"},{"key":"b53-jns161109","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"845","article-title":"Hearing preservation in surgery for large vestibular schwannomas","volume":"111","author":"Wanibuchi M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wanibuchi M, Fukushima T, McElveen JT Jr, Friedman AH: Hearing preservation in surgery for large vestibular schwannomas. J Neurosurg 111:845\u2013854, 2009"},{"key":"b54-jns161109","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"227","article-title":"Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor inhibits apoptotic neuron loss after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats","volume":"1145","author":"Yata K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yata K, Matchett GA, Tsubokawa T, Tang J, Kanamaru K, Zhang JH: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor inhibits apoptotic neuron loss after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats. Brain Res 1145:227\u2013238, 200717359943"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/128\/1\/article-p296.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/128\/1\/article-p296.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/128\/1\/article-p296.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T03:30:18Z","timestamp":1743391818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/128\/1\/article-p296.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.10.jns161109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-3085"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1933-0693"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}