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Increasing clinical evidence from multiple centers suggests that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial thalamus can be effective in many cases of refractory TS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors retrospectively reviewed outcomes in 13 patients with refractory TS who underwent medial thalamic DBS performed by their team over a 7-year period. Patients were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team, and preoperative objective assessments were performed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. YGTSS scores were calculated at visits immediately postoperatively and at the most recent follow-up in patients with a minimum of 6 months of postoperative follow-up. Coordinates of the active DBS contacts were calculated and projected onto each patient's pre- and postoperative images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients showed an average decrease of 37% (p = 0.0063) in the total tic severity at their first postoperative visit. At their latest visit, their scores achieved significance, decreasing from preoperative scores by an average of 50% (p = 0.0014). The average position of the active contact was noted to be at the junction of the posterior ventralis oralis internus\/centromedian-parafascicular nuclei. Device-related complications occurred in 2 patients, necessitating additional surgeries. All patients continued to use the system at last follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors' data are consistent with the small but growing body of literature supporting DBS of the ventralis oralis internus\/centromedian-parafascicular thalamus as an effective and relatively safe treatment for severe, refractory TS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.jns161573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T14:03:49Z","timestamp":1491573829000},"page":"596-604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: a single-center series"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Dowd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pourfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon Y.","family":"Mogilner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns161573","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq380","article-title":"Double-blind clinical trial of thalamic stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"134","author":"Ackermans L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ackermans L, Duits A, van der Linden C, Tijssen M, Schruers K, Temel Y, : Double-blind clinical trial of thalamic stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome. 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