{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:15:25Z","timestamp":1784956525675,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quality and outcomes registry platforms lie at the center of many emerging evidence-driven reform models. Specifically, clinical registry data are progressively informing health care decision-making. In this analysis, the authors used data from a national prospective outcomes registry (the Quality Outcomes Database) to develop a predictive model for 12-month postoperative pain, disability, and quality of life (QOL) in patients undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Included in this analysis were 7618 patients who had completed 12 months of follow-up. The authors prospectively assessed baseline and 12-month patient-reported outcomes (PROs) via telephone interviews. The PROs assessed were those ascertained using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EQ-5D, and numeric rating scale (NRS) for back pain (BP) and leg pain (LP). Variables analyzed for the predictive model included age, gender, body mass index, race, education level, history of prior surgery, smoking status, comorbid conditions, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, symptom duration, indication for surgery, number of levels surgically treated, history of fusion surgery, surgical approach, receipt of workers\u2019 compensation, liability insurance, insurance status, and ambulatory ability. To create a predictive model, each 12-month PRO was treated as an ordinal dependent variable and a separate proportional-odds ordinal logistic regression model was fitted for each PRO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant improvement in all PROs (p &lt; 0.0001) at 12 months following lumbar spine surgery. The most important predictors of overall disability, QOL, and pain outcomes following lumbar spine surgery were employment status, baseline NRS-BP scores, psychological distress, baseline ODI scores, level of education, workers\u2019 compensation status, symptom duration, race, baseline NRS-LP scores, ASA score, age, predominant symptom, smoking status, and insurance status. The prediction discrimination of the 4 separate novel predictive models was good, with a c-index of 0.69 for ODI, 0.69 for EQ-5D, 0.67 for NRS-BP, and 0.64 for NRS-LP (i.e., good concordance between predicted outcomes and observed outcomes).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study found that preoperative patient-specific factors derived from a prospective national outcomes registry significantly influence PRO measures of treatment effectiveness at 12 months after lumbar surgery. Novel predictive models constructed with these data hold the potential to improve surgical effectiveness and the overall value of spine surgery by optimizing patient selection and identifying important modifiable factors before a surgery even takes place. Furthermore, these models can advance patient-focused care when used as shared decision-making tools during preoperative patient counseling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.11.spine16526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T14:02:26Z","timestamp":1494597746000},"page":"357-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["An analysis from the Quality Outcomes Database, Part 1. Disability, quality of life, and pain outcomes following lumbar spine surgery: predicting likely individual patient outcomes for shared decision-making"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"McGirt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, and Neurological Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin R.","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt Spine Center,"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clinton J.","family":"Devin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Spine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silky","family":"Chotai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Spine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Spine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Nian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank E.","family":"Harrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Speroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Health System, Veterans Health Administration, Nashville, Tennessee;"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Dittus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Health System, Veterans Health Administration, Nashville, Tennessee;"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon E.","family":"Philips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, and Neurological Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E648","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231727.88477.da","article-title":"Preoperative predictors for postoperative clinical outcome in lumbar spinal stenosis: systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Aalto TJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aalto TJ, Malmivaara A, Kovacs F, Herno A, Alen M, Salmi L, : Preoperative predictors for postoperative clinical outcome in lumbar spinal stenosis: systematic review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31:E648\u2013E663, 200610.1097\/01.brs.0000231727.88477.da"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00916","article-title":"Association between patient-reported measures of psychological distress and patient satisfaction scores after spine surgery","volume":"97","author":"Abtahi AM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abtahi AM, Brodke DS, Lawrence BD, Zhang C, Spiker WR: Association between patient-reported measures of psychological distress and patient satisfaction scores after spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 97:824\u2013828, 201510.2106\/JBJS.N.0091625995493"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.01.017","article-title":"Preoperative Zung depression scale predicts patient satisfaction independent of the extent of improvement after revision lumbar surgery","volume":"13","author":"Adogwa O","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adogwa O, Parker SL, Shau DN, Mendenhall SK, Bydon A, Cheng JS, : Preoperative Zung depression scale predicts patient satisfaction independent of the extent of improvement after revision lumbar surgery. Spine J 13:501\u2013506, 201310.1016\/j.spinee.2013.01.01723422730"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.SPINE12668","article-title":"Affective disorders influence clinical outcomes after revision lumbar surgery in elderly patients with symptomatic adjacent-segment disease, recurrent stenosis, or pseudarthrosis: clinical article","volume":"21","author":"Adogwa O","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adogwa O, Verla T, Thompson P, Penumaka A, Kudyba K, Johnson K, : Affective disorders influence clinical outcomes after revision lumbar surgery in elderly patients with symptomatic adjacent-segment disease, recurrent stenosis, or pseudarthrosis: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine 21:153\u2013159, 201410.3171\/2014.4.SPINE1266824836659"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000239180.14933.b7","article-title":"Work status as a predictor of surgical outcome of discogenic low back pain","volume":"31","author":"Anderson PA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anderson PA, Schwaegler PE, Cizek D, Leverson G: Work status as a predictor of surgical outcome of discogenic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31:2510\u20132515, 200610.1097\/01.brs.0000239180.14933.b717023863"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Pain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.09.013","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral-based physical therapy for patients with chronic pain undergoing lumbar spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Archer KR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Archer KR, Devin CJ, Vanston SW, Koyama T, Phillips SE, George SZ, : Cognitive-behavioral-based physical therapy for patients with chronic pain undergoing lumbar spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial. J Pain 17:76\u201389, 201610.1016\/j.jpain.2015.09.01326476267"},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.10.FOCUS12311","article-title":"The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database and NeuroPoint Alliance: rationale, development, and implementation","volume":"34","author":"Asher AL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asher AL, McCormick PC, Selden NR, Ghogawala Z, McGirt MJ: The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database and NeuroPoint Alliance: rationale, development, and implementation. Neurosurg Focus 34(1):E2, 201310.3171\/2012.10.FOCUS1231123278263"},{"issue":"22 Suppl 1","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S106","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822ef68c","article-title":"The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database (N2QOD): a collaborative North American outcomes registry to advance value-based spine care","volume":"39","author":"Asher AL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asher AL, Speroff T, Dittus RS, Parker SL, Davies JM, Selden N, : The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database (N2QOD): a collaborative North American outcomes registry to advance value-based spine care. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39 (22 Suppl 1):S106\u2013S116, 201410.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822ef68c"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"BJU Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12984","article-title":"Prediction of cancer-specific survival after radical cystectomy in pT4a urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: development of a tool for clinical decision-making","volume":"117","author":"Aziz A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aziz A, Shariat SF, Roghmann F, Brookman-May S, Stief CG, Rink M, : Prediction of cancer-specific survival after radical cystectomy in pT4a urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: development of a tool for clinical decision-making. BJU Int 117:272\u2013279, 201610.1111\/bju.1298425381844"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Diabetes Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.2.213","article-title":"Performance of a predictive model to identify undiagnosed diabetes in a health care setting","volume":"22","author":"Baan CA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Baan CA, Ruige JB, Stolk RP, Witteman JC, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, : Performance of a predictive model to identify undiagnosed diabetes in a health care setting. Diabetes Care 22:213\u2013219, 199910.2337\/diacare.22.2.213"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.009","article-title":"A predictive model of complications after spine surgery: the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) 2005\u20132010","volume":"14","author":"Bekelis K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bekelis K, Desai A, Bakhoum SF, Missios S: A predictive model of complications after spine surgery: the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) 2005\u20132010. Spine J 14:1247\u20131255, 201410.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.00924211097"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0452-5","article-title":"The impact of surgical wait time on patient-based outcomes in posterior lumbar spinal surgery","volume":"16","author":"Braybrooke J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Braybrooke J, Ahn H, Gallant A, Ford M, Bronstein Y, Finkelstein J, : The impact of surgical wait time on patient-based outcomes in posterior lumbar spinal surgery. Eur Spine J 16:1832\u20131839, 200710.1007\/s00586-007-0452-517701060"},{"issue":"28","key":"b13","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000048499.25275.51","article-title":"The relation of race to outcomes and the use of health care services for acute low back pain","author":"Carey TS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carey TS, Garrett JM: The relation of race to outcomes and the use of health care services for acute low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 28:390\u2013394, 20031259021710.1097\/01.BRS.0000048499.25275.51"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.06.013","article-title":"Fusion and nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic lumbar degenerative disease: a systematic review of Oswestry Disability Index and MOS Short Form-36 outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Carreon LY","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carreon LY, Glassman SD, Howard J: Fusion and nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic lumbar degenerative disease: a systematic review of Oswestry Disability Index and MOS Short Form-36 outcomes. Spine J 8:747\u2013755, 20081803735410.1016\/j.spinee.2007.06.013"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c68b75","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after posterolateral lumbar fusion in workers\u2019 compensation patients: a case-control study","volume":"35","author":"Carreon LY","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carreon LY, Glassman SD, Kantamneni NR, Mugavin MO, Djurasovic M: Clinical outcomes after posterolateral lumbar fusion in workers\u2019 compensation patients: a case-control study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 35:1812\u20131817, 201010.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c68b7520436382"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech [epub ahead of print]","article-title":"Preoperative depression, smoking, and employment status are significant factors in patient satisfaction after lumbar spine surgery","author":"Chapin L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chapin L, Ward K, Ryken T: Preoperative depression, smoking, and employment status are significant factors in patient satisfaction after lumbar spine surgery. J Spinal Disord Tech [epub ahead of print], 2015"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00221-3","article-title":"Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it mean? (or it takes at least two to tango)","volume":"44","author":"Charles C","year":"1997","unstructured":"Charles C, Gafni A, Whelan T: Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it mean? (or it takes at least two to tango). Soc Sci Med 44:681\u2013692, 199710.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00221-39032835"},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.8.FOCUS15302","article-title":"Effect of complications within 90 days on patient-reported outcomes 3 months and 12 months following elective surgery for lumbar degenerative disease","volume":"39","author":"Chotai S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chotai S, Parker SL, Sivaganesan A, Sielatycki JA, Asher AL, McGirt MJ, : Effect of complications within 90 days on patient-reported outcomes 3 months and 12 months following elective surgery for lumbar degenerative disease. Neurosurg Focus 39(6):E8, 201510.3171\/2015.8.FOCUS1530226621422"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000768","article-title":"Patient-specific factors associated with dissatisfaction after elective surgery for degenerative spine diseases","volume":"77","author":"Chotai S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chotai S, Sivaganesan A, Parker SL, McGirt MJ, Devin CJ: Patient-specific factors associated with dissatisfaction after elective surgery for degenerative spine diseases. Neurosurgery 77:157\u2013163, 201510.1227\/NEU.000000000000076825910085"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Chronic Dis Can","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822ef68c","article-title":"Work and life stressors and psychological distress in the Canadian working population: a structural equation modelling approach to analysis of the 1994 National Population Health Survey","volume":"23","author":"Cole DC","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cole DC, Ibrahim S, Shannon HS, Scott FE, Eyles J: Work and life stressors and psychological distress in the Canadian working population: a structural equation modelling approach to analysis of the 1994 National Population Health Survey. Chronic Dis Can 23:91\u201399, 20021244356510.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822ef68c"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Resuscitation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2004.01.035","article-title":"A predictive model for survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest","volume":"62","author":"Danciu SC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Danciu SC, Klein L, Hosseini MM, Ibrahim L, Coyle BW, Kehoe RF: A predictive model for survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitation 62:35\u201342, 20041524658110.1016\/j.resuscitation.2004.01.035"},{"issue":"21 Suppl","key":"b22","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822ef68c","article-title":"Fusion versus nonoperative care for chronic low back pain: do psychological factors affect outcomes?","volume":"36","author":"Daubs MD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Daubs MD, Norvell DC, McGuire R, Molinari R, Hermsmeyer JT, Fourney DR, : Fusion versus nonoperative care for chronic low back pain: do psychological factors affect outcomes? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36 (21 Suppl):S96\u2013S109, 201110.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822ef68c"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Fed Regist","first-page":"34408","article-title":"Protection of human subjects; reports of the President\u2019s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research\u2014Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS. Notice of availability of reports","volume":"48","year":"1983","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services: Protection of human subjects; reports of the President\u2019s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research\u2014Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS. Notice of availability of reports. Fed Regist 48:34408\u201334412, 1983"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.338","article-title":"Trends, major medical complications, and charges associated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in older adults","volume":"303","author":"Deyo RA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deyo RA, Mirza SK, Martin BI, Kreuter W, Goodman DC, Jarvik JG: Trends, major medical complications, and charges associated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in older adults. JAMA 303:1259\u20131265, 201010.1001\/jama.2010.33820371784"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.82249","article-title":"\u201cUnnecessary\u201d spinal surgery: A prospective 1-year study of one surgeon\u2019s experience","volume":"2","author":"Epstein NE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Epstein NE, Hood DC: \u201cUnnecessary\u201d spinal surgery: A prospective 1-year study of one surgeon\u2019s experience. Surg Neurol Int 2:83, 201110.4103\/2152-7806.8224921776403"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Health Policy","first-page":"199","article-title":"EuroQol\u2014a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life","volume":"16","year":"1990","unstructured":"EuroQol Group: EuroQol\u2014a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy 16:199\u2013208, 199010109801"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011150-00017","article-title":"The Oswestry Disability Index","volume":"25","author":"Fairbank JC","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB: The Oswestry Disability Index. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25:2940\u20132952, 200010.1097\/00007632-200011150-00017"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199409000-00005","article-title":"Outcome of lumbar fusion in Washington State workers\u2019 compensation","volume":"19","author":"Franklin GM","year":"1994","unstructured":"Franklin GM, Haug J, Heyer NJ, McKeefrey SP, Picciano JF: Outcome of lumbar fusion in Washington State workers\u2019 compensation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 19:1897\u20131904, 199410.1097\/00007632-199409000-000057997921"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.7.SPINE1362","article-title":"The efficacy of lumbar discectomy and single-level fusion for spondylolisthesis: results from the NeuroPoint-SD registry: clinical article","volume":"19","author":"Ghogawala Z","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghogawala Z, Shaffrey CI, Asher AL, Heary RF, Logvinenko T, Malhotra NR, : The efficacy of lumbar discectomy and single-level fusion for spondylolisthesis: results from the NeuroPoint-SD registry: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine 19:555\u2013563, 20132401089810.3171\/2013.7.SPINE1362"},{"key":"b30","article-title":"Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A User\u2019s Guide","unstructured":"Gliklich RE, Dreyer NA (eds): Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A User\u2019s Guide. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, April 2007"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318278ebe8","article-title":"Is type of compensation a predictor of outcome after lumbar fusion?","volume":"38","author":"Gum JL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gum JL, Glassman SD, Carreon LY: Is type of compensation a predictor of outcome after lumbar fusion? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38:443\u2013448, 201310.1097\/BRS.0b013e318278ebe823080428"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320430047030","article-title":"Evaluating the yield of medical tests","volume":"247","author":"Harrell FE Jr","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harrell FE Jr, Califf RM, Pryor DB, Lee KL, Rosati RA: Evaluating the yield of medical tests. JAMA 247:2543\u20132546, 198210.1001\/jama.1982.033204300470307069920"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Stat Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780030207","article-title":"Regression modelling strategies for improved prognostic prediction","volume":"3","author":"Harrell FE Jr","year":"1984","unstructured":"Harrell FE Jr, Lee KL, Califf RM, Pryor DB, Rosati RA: Regression modelling strategies for improved prognostic prediction. Stat Med 3:143\u2013152, 1984646345110.1002\/sim.4780030207"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"J Biomed Inform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris PA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG: Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform 42:377\u2013381, 20091892968610.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Psychiatr Serv","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.5.680","article-title":"Mental illness as a predictor of satisfaction with inpatient care at Veterans Affairs hospitals","volume":"50","author":"Hoff RA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hoff RA, Rosenheck RA, Meterko M, Wilson NJ: Mental illness as a predictor of satisfaction with inpatient care at Veterans Affairs hospitals. Psychiatr Serv 50:680\u2013685, 199910.1176\/ps.50.5.68010332906"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Patient Educ Couns","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(97)00109-2","article-title":"The prognostic importance of patient pre-operative expectations of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"34","author":"Iversen MD","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iversen MD, Daltroy LH, Fossel AH, Katz JN: The prognostic importance of patient pre-operative expectations of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Patient Educ Couns 34:169\u2013178, 1998973117610.1016\/S0738-3991(97)00109-2"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199502001-00009","article-title":"Predictors of bad and good outcomes of lumbar disc surgery. A prospective clinical study with recommendations for screening to avoid bad outcomes","volume":"20","author":"Junge A","year":"1995","unstructured":"Junge A, Dvorak J, Ahrens S: Predictors of bad and good outcomes of lumbar disc surgery. A prospective clinical study with recommendations for screening to avoid bad outcomes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 20:460\u2013468, 1995774723010.1097\/00007632-199502001-00009"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199911010-00010","article-title":"Predictors of surgical outcome in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Katz JN","year":"1999","unstructured":"Katz JN, Stucki G, Lipson SJ, Fossel AH, Grobler LJ, Weinstein JN: Predictors of surgical outcome in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 24:2229\u20132233, 19991056298910.1097\/00007632-199911010-00010"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Clin J Pain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200411000-00011","article-title":"Prognosis of multifactorial outcome in lumbar discectomy: a prospective longitudinal study investigating patients with disc prolapse","volume":"20","author":"Kohlboeck G","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kohlboeck G, Greimel KV, Piotrowski WP, Leibetseder M, Krombholz-Reindl M, Neuhofer R, : Prognosis of multifactorial outcome in lumbar discectomy: a prospective longitudinal study investigating patients with disc prolapse. Clin J Pain 20:455\u2013461, 200410.1097\/00002508-200411000-0001115502690"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Eur J Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckm051","article-title":"Health behaviours as explanations for educational level differences in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a follow-up of 60 000 men and women over 23 years","volume":"18","author":"Laaksonen M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Laaksonen M, Talala K, Martelin T, Rahkonen O, Roos E, Helakorpi S, : Health behaviours as explanations for educational level differences in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a follow-up of 60 000 men and women over 23 years. Eur J Public Health 18:38\u201343, 20081756970210.1093\/eurpub\/ckm051"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Rheumatol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541514","article-title":"The visual analogue scale: its use in pain measurement","volume":"5","author":"Langley GB","year":"1985","unstructured":"Langley GB, Sheppeard H: The visual analogue scale: its use in pain measurement. Rheumatol Int 5:145\u2013148, 1985404875710.1007\/BF00541514"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.043","article-title":"Predicting medical complications after spine surgery: a validated model using a prospective surgical registry","volume":"14","author":"Lee MJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee MJ, Cizik AM, Hamilton D, Chapman JR: Predicting medical complications after spine surgery: a validated model using a prospective surgical registry. Spine J 14:291\u2013299, 20142423979910.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.043"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.12.026","article-title":"Predicting surgical site infection after spine surgery: a validated model using a prospective surgical registry","volume":"14","author":"Lee MJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee MJ, Cizik AM, Hamilton D, Chapman JR: Predicting surgical site infection after spine surgery: a validated model using a prospective surgical registry. Spine J 14:2112\u20132117, 20142445667810.1016\/j.spinee.2013.12.026"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000750","article-title":"The Spine Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program (Spine SCOAP): a surgeon-led approach to quality and safety","volume":"40","author":"Lee MJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee MJ, Shonnard N, Farrokhi F, Martz D, Chapman J, Baker R, : The Spine Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program (Spine SCOAP): a surgeon-led approach to quality and safety. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 40:332\u2013341, 201510.1097\/BRS.000000000000075025901980"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3597-z","article-title":"Patients\u2019 expectations of lumbar spine surgery","volume":"24","author":"Mancuso CA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mancuso CA, Duculan R, Stal M, Girardi FP: Patients\u2019 expectations of lumbar spine surgery. Eur Spine J 24:2362\u20132369, 201510.1007\/s00586-014-3597-z25291976"},{"key":"b46","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0255-0","article-title":"Predictors of multidimensional outcome after spinal surgery","volume":"16","author":"Mannion AF","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mannion AF, Elfering A, Staerkle R, Junge A, Grob D, Dvorak J, : Predictors of multidimensional outcome after spinal surgery. Eur Spine J 16:777\u2013786, 20071710322910.1007\/s00586-006-0255-0"},{"key":"b47","series-title":"J Behav Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018723823523","article-title":"Cognitive predictors of depression in chronic low back pain: toward an inclusive model","volume":"21","author":"Maxwell TD","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maxwell TD, Gatchel RJ, Mayer TG: Cognitive predictors of depression in chronic low back pain: toward an inclusive model. J Behav Med 21:131\u2013143, 1998959116610.1023\/A:1018723823523"},{"issue":"6","key":"b48","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.8.FOCUS15338","article-title":"Prediction model for outcome after low-back surgery: individualized likelihood of complication, hospital readmission, return to work, and 12-month improvement in functional disability","volume":"39","author":"McGirt MJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGirt MJ, Sivaganesan A, Asher AL, Devin CJ: Prediction model for outcome after low-back surgery: individualized likelihood of complication, hospital readmission, return to work, and 12-month improvement in functional disability. Neurosurg Focus 39(6):E13, 201510.3171\/2015.8.FOCUS1533826621411"},{"issue":"1","key":"b49","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.10.FOCUS12297","article-title":"The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database (N2QOD): general overview and pilot-year project description","volume":"34","author":"McGirt MJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"McGirt MJ, Speroff T, Dittus RS, Harrell FE Jr, Asher AL: The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database (N2QOD): general overview and pilot-year project description. Neurosurg Focus 34(1):E6, 201310.3171\/2012.10.FOCUS1229723278267"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b50","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"S57","article-title":"A predictive model for massive transfusion in combat casualty patients","volume":"64","author":"McLaughlin DF","year":"2008","unstructured":"McLaughlin DF, Niles SE, Salinas J, Perkins JG, Cox ED, Wade CE, : A predictive model for massive transfusion in combat casualty patients. J Trauma 64 (2 Suppl):S57\u2013S63, 2008"},{"key":"b51","series-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-011-1366-9","article-title":"Improved web-based calculators for predicting breast carcinoma outcomes","volume":"128","author":"Michaelson JS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michaelson JS, Chen LL, Bush D, Fong A, Smith B, Younger J: Improved web-based calculators for predicting breast carcinoma outcomes. Breast Cancer Res Treat 128:827\u2013835, 20112132747110.1007\/s10549-011-1366-9"},{"issue":"21 Suppl","key":"b52","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"S75","article-title":"Fusion versus nonoperative management for chronic low back pain: do sociodemographic factors affect outcome?","volume":"36","author":"Mroz TE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mroz TE, Norvell DC, Ecker E, Gruenberg M, Dailey A, Brodke DS: Fusion versus nonoperative management for chronic low back pain: do sociodemographic factors affect outcome? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36 (21 Suppl):S75\u2013S86, 2011"},{"issue":"6","key":"b53","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.3.FOCUS1450","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of lumbar discectomy and single-level fusion for spondylolisthesis: experience with the NeuroPoint-SD registry","volume":"36","author":"Mummaneni PV","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mummaneni PV, Whitmore RG, Curran JN, Ziewacz JE, Wadhwa R, Shaffrey CI, : Cost-effectiveness of lumbar discectomy and single-level fusion for spondylolisthesis: experience with the NeuroPoint-SD registry. Neurosurg Focus 36(6):E3, 20142488163510.3171\/2014.3.FOCUS1450"},{"key":"b54","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255522.42579.EA","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation versus reoperation for failed back surgery syndrome: a cost effectiveness and cost utility analysis based on a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"North RB","year":"2007","unstructured":"North RB, Kidd D, Shipley J, Taylor RS: Spinal cord stimulation versus reoperation for failed back surgery syndrome: a cost effectiveness and cost utility analysis based on a randomized, controlled trial. Neurosurgery 61:361\u2013369, 200710.1227\/01.NEU.0000255522.42579.EA17762749"},{"key":"b55","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31820bfb9a","article-title":"Lumbar disc herniation in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial: does educational attainment impact outcome?","volume":"36","author":"Olson PR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olson PR, Lurie JD, Frymoyer J, Walsh T, Zhao W, Morgan TS, : Lumbar disc herniation in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial: does educational attainment impact outcome? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36:2324\u20132332, 201110.1097\/BRS.0b013e31820bfb9a21311402"},{"key":"b56","series-title":"Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.01.047","article-title":"Depressive burden is associated with a poorer surgical outcome among lumbar spinal stenosis patients: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"14","author":"Pakarinen M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pakarinen M, Vanhanen S, Sinikallio S, Aalto T, Lehto SM, Airaksinen O, : Depressive burden is associated with a poorer surgical outcome among lumbar spinal stenosis patients: a 5-year follow-up study. Spine J 14:2392\u20132396, 201410.1016\/j.spinee.2014.01.04724486473"},{"key":"b57","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.12.SPINE10472","article-title":"Utility of minimum clinically important difference in assessing pain, disability, and health state after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis","volume":"14","author":"Parker SL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parker SL, Adogwa O, Paul AR, Anderson WN, Aaronson O, Cheng JS, : Utility of minimum clinically important difference in assessing pain, disability, and health state after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. J Neurosurg Spine 14:598\u2013604, 20112133228110.3171\/2010.12.SPINE10472"},{"key":"b58","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d77c21","article-title":"Predominant leg pain is associated with better surgical outcomes in degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis: results from the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT)","volume":"36","author":"Pearson A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pearson A, Blood E, Lurie J, Abdu W, Sengupta D, Frymoyer JW, : Predominant leg pain is associated with better surgical outcomes in degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis: results from the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36:219\u2013229, 201110.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d77c2121124260"},{"key":"b59","series-title":"Am J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.01.004","article-title":"Management of back pain in patients with previous back surgery","volume":"121","author":"Ragab A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ragab A, Deshazo RD: Management of back pain in patients with previous back surgery. Am J Med 121:272\u2013278, 20081837468210.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.01.004"},{"key":"b60","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181dcaf4a","article-title":"Depression is associated with a poorer outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis surgery: a two-year prospective follow-up study","volume":"36","author":"Sinikallio S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sinikallio S, Aalto T, Airaksinen O, Lehto SM, Kr\u00f6ger H, Viinam\u00e4ki H: Depression is associated with a poorer outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis surgery: a two-year prospective follow-up study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36:677\u2013682, 201110.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181dcaf4a21037530"},{"key":"b61","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000229252.30903.b9","article-title":"The impact of comorbidities on the change in Short-Form 36 and Oswestry scores following lumbar spine surgery","volume":"31","author":"Slover J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Slover J, Abdu WA, Hanscom B, Weinstein JN: The impact of comorbidities on the change in Short-Form 36 and Oswestry scores following lumbar spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31:1974\u20131980, 200610.1097\/01.brs.0000229252.30903.b916924216"},{"key":"b62","article-title":"Best Care at Lower Cost: The Path to Continuously Learning Health Care in America","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith M, Saunders R, Stuckhardt L, McGinnis JM (eds): Best Care at Lower Cost: The Path to Continuously Learning Health Care in America. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2013"},{"key":"b63","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000206362.03950.5b","article-title":"Emotional health predicts pain and function after fusion: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"31","author":"Trief PM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trief PM, Ploutz-Snyder R, Fredrickson BE: Emotional health predicts pain and function after fusion: a prospective multicenter study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31:823\u2013830, 200610.1097\/01.brs.0000206362.03950.5b16582857"},{"key":"b64","series-title":"Pain Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00112.x","article-title":"Low back pain in older adults: are we utilizing healthcare resources wisely?","volume":"7","author":"Weiner DK","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weiner DK, Kim YS, Bonino P, Wang T: Low back pain in older adults: are we utilizing healthcare resources wisely? Pain Med 7:143\u2013150, 200610.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00112.x16634727"},{"key":"b65","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.20.2441","article-title":"Surgical vs nonoperative treatment for lumbar disk herniation: the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT): a randomized trial","volume":"296","author":"Weinstein JN","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weinstein JN, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Tosteson AN, Hanscom B, Skinner JS, : Surgical vs nonoperative treatment for lumbar disk herniation: the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT): a randomized trial. JAMA 296:2441\u20132450, 200610.1001\/jama.296.20.2441"},{"key":"b66","article-title":"Characteristics of Operating Room Procedures in U.S. Hospitals, 2011","author":"Weiss AJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weiss AJ, Elixhauser A, Andrews RM: Characteristics of Operating Room Procedures in U.S. Hospitals, 2011. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2014 (https:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/reports\/statbriefs\/sb170-Operating-Room-Procedures-United-States-2011.jsp) [Accessed December 6, 2016]24716251"},{"key":"b67","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e593","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000593","article-title":"The predictive accuracy of PREDICT: a personalized decision-making tool for Southeast Asian women with breast cancer","volume":"94","author":"Wong HS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong HS, Subramaniam S, Alias Z, Taib NA, Ho GF, Ng CH, : The predictive accuracy of PREDICT: a personalized decision-making tool for Southeast Asian women with breast cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 94:e593, 20152571526710.1097\/MD.0000000000000593"},{"key":"b68","series-title":"Eur Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.09.003","article-title":"Prediction of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy: development of a clinical decision-making tool","volume":"65","author":"Xylinas E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xylinas E, Kluth L, Passoni N, Trinh QD, Rieken M, Lee RK, : Prediction of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy: development of a clinical decision-making tool. Eur Urol 65:650\u2013658, 20142407057710.1016\/j.eururo.2013.09.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/27\/4\/article-p357.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/27\/4\/article-p357.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/27\/4\/article-p357.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T23:23:03Z","timestamp":1681600983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/27\/4\/article-p357.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.11.spine16526","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}}}