{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T02:50:59Z","timestamp":1786848659695,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Civil War era was an age-defining period in the history of the United States of America, the effects of which are still seen in the nation today. In this era, the issue of head injury pervaded society. From the president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, to the officers and soldiers of the Union and Confederate armies, and to the population at large, head injury and its ramifications gripped the nation. This article focuses on 3 individuals: Major General John Sedgwick, First Lieutenant Alonzo Cushing, and Harriet Tubman, as examples of the impact that head injury had during this era. These 3 individuals were chosen for this article because of their lasting legacies, contributions to society, and interesting connections to one another.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3.focus1586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T05:04:20Z","timestamp":1467349460000},"page":"E4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Head injury in heroes of the Civil War and its lasting influence"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Sabourin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Mau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirag D.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"},{"name":"Radiology, and"},{"name":"Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Prestigiacomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"},{"name":"Radiology, and"},{"name":"Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus1586","series-title":"Grandfather Stories.","author":"Adams","year":"1955"},{"key":"b2-focus1586","series-title":"Harriet Tubman, Secret Agent: How Daring Slaves and Free Blacks Spied for the Union During the Civil War","author":"Allen","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3-focus1586","series-title":"New York 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