{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:45:10Z","timestamp":1790876710196,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Cervical spondylotic myelopathy usually presents in the 5th decade of life or later but can also present earlier in patients with congenital spinal stenosis. As life expectancy continues to increase in the United States, the preconceived reluctance toward operating on the elderly population based on older publications must be rethought. It is a known fact that outcomes in the elderly cannot be as robust as those in the younger population. There are no publications with detailed meta-analyses to determine an acceptable level of outcome in this population. In this review, the authors compare elderly patients older than 75 years to a nonelderly population, and they discuss some of the relevant strategies to minimize complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n In accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, the authors performed a PubMed database search to identify English-language literature published between 1995 and 2015. Combinations of the following phrases that describe the age group (\u201celderly,\u201d \u201cnon-elderly,\u201d \u201cold,\u201d \u201cage\u201d) and the disease of interest as well as management (\u201csurgical outcome,\u201d \u201csurgery,\u201d \u201ccervical spondylotic myelopathy,\u201d \u201ccervical degenerative myelopathy\u201d) were constructed when searching for relevant articles. Two reviewers independently assessed the outcomes, and any disagreement was discussed with the first author until it was resolved. A random-effects model was applied to assess pooled data due to high heterogeneity between studies. The mean difference (MD) and odds ratio were calculated for continuous and dichromatic parameters, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Eighteen studies comprising elderly (n = 1169) and nonelderly (n = 1699) patients who received surgical treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy were included in this meta-analysis. Of these studies, 5 were prospective and 13 were retrospective. Intraoperatively, both groups required a similar amount of operation time (p = 0.35). The elderly group had lower Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores (MD \u22121.36, 95% CI \u22121.62 to \u22121.09; p < 0.00001) to begin with compared with the nonelderly group. The nonelderly group also had a higher postoperative JOA score (MD \u22121.11, 95% CI \u22121.44 to \u22120.79; p < 0.00001), therefore demonstrating a higher recovery rate from surgeries (MD \u221211.98, 95% CI \u221216.16 to \u22127.79; p < 0.00001). The length of stay (MD 4.14, 95% CI 3.54\u20134.73; p < 0.00001) was slightly longer in the elderly group. In terms of radiological outcomes, the elderly group had a smaller postoperative Cobb angle but a greater increase in spinal canal diameter compared with the nonelderly group. The complication rates were not significant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Cervical myelopathy is a disease of the elderly, and age is an independent factor for recovery from surgery. Postoperative and long-term outcomes have been remarkable in terms of improvement in mobility and independence requiring reduced nursing care. There is definitely a higher potential risk while operating on the elderly population, but no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications was noted. Withholding surgery from the elderly population can lead to increased morbidity due to rapid progression of symptoms in addition to deconditioning from lack of mobility and independence. Reduction in operative time under anesthesia, lower blood loss, and perioperative fluid management have been shown to minimize the complication rate. The authors request that neurosurgeons weigh the potential benefit against the risks for every patient before withholding surgery from elderly patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3.focus1657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T03:53:12Z","timestamp":1464753192000},"page":"E13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Surgical outcomes of elderly patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a meta-analysis of studies reporting on 2868 patients"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Karthik","family":"Madhavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Onn","family":"Chieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyao","family":"Foong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus1657","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"47","article-title":"Surgical treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly patients: a retrospective study","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2-focus1657","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","first-page":"376","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Emery","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3-focus1657","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"26","article-title":"Anterior versus posterior approach for the treatment of cervical compressive myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Feng","year":"2016"},{"key":"b4-focus1657","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"552","article-title":"Reciprocal changes in cervical spine alignment after corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery","volume":"23","author":"Ha","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b5-focus1657","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"173","article-title":"Evaluation of prognostic factors and clinical outcome in elderly patients in whom expansive laminoplasty is performed for cervical myelopathy due to multisegmental spondylotic canal stenosis. A retrospective comparison with younger patients","volume":"96","author":"Handa","year":"2002"},{"key":"b6-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"618","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the aged patient. A radiographic evaluation of the aging changes in the cervical spine and etiologic factors of myelopathy","volume":"13","author":"Hayashi","year":"1988"},{"key":"b7-focus1657","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"233","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of elderly patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"69","author":"Holly","year":"2008"},{"key":"b8-focus1657","series-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)","first-page":"211","article-title":"Laminoplasty for patients aged 75 years or older with cervical myelopathy","volume":"16","author":"Ishii","year":"2008"},{"key":"b9-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"371","article-title":"The impact of cervical sagittal alignment parameters on neck disability","volume":"41","author":"Iyer","year":"2016"},{"key":"b10-focus1657","series-title":"Neuroscientist","first-page":"409","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: the clinical phenomenon and the current pathobiology of an increasingly prevalent and devastating disorder","volume":"19","author":"Kalsi-Ryan","year":"2013"},{"key":"b11-focus1657","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients aged 75 years or more: a comparative study of operative methods","volume":"134","author":"Kanchiku","year":"2014"},{"key":"b12-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"2209","article-title":"Pathomechanism of myelopathy and surgical results of laminoplasty in elderly patients with cervical spondylosis","volume":"28","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2003"},{"key":"b13-focus1657","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"388","article-title":"Osteo-arthrosis and disk degeneration in an urban population","volume":"17","author":"Kellgren","year":"1958"},{"key":"b14-focus1657","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"539","article-title":"F-wave velocity in the central segment of the median and ulnar nerves. A study in normal subjects and in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease","volume":"24","author":"Kimura","year":"1974"},{"key":"b15-focus1657","series-title":"Orthop Clin North Am","first-page":"193","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a review of the evidence","volume":"41","author":"Klineberg","year":"2010"},{"key":"b16-focus1657","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e1465","article-title":"Anesthesia-related and perioperative cardiac arrest in low- and high-income countries: a systematic review with meta-regression and proportional meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Koga","year":"2015"},{"key":"b17-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"213","article-title":"The clinical correlation of the Hart-ISSG proximal junctional kyphosis severity scale with health related quality of life outcomes and need for revision surgery","volume":"41","author":"Lau","year":"2016"},{"key":"b18-focus1657","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"121","article-title":"Disc degeneration. Its frequency and relationship to symptoms","volume":"28","author":"Lawrence","year":"1969"},{"key":"b19-focus1657","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"100","article-title":"Correlation between cervical spine sagittal alignment and clinical outcome after cervical laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2016"},{"key":"b20-focus1657","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"129","article-title":"Surgical results of anterior corpectomy in the aged patients with cervical myelopathy","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2008"},{"key":"b21-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"667","article-title":"Can elderly patients recover adequately after laminoplasty?: a comparative study of 520 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"37","author":"Machino","year":"2012"},{"key":"b22-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"757","article-title":"Surgical treatment assessment of cervical laminoplasty using quantitative performance evaluation in elderly patients: a prospective comparative study in 505 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"41","author":"Machino","year":"2016"},{"key":"b23-focus1657","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"118","article-title":"Age-related surgical outcomes of laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"5","author":"Maeno","year":"2015"},{"key":"b24-focus1657","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"938","article-title":"The impact of dynamic factors on surgical outcomes after double-door laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine","volume":"21","author":"Maruo","year":"2014"},{"key":"b25-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"529","article-title":"Outcomes of surgical treatment for cervical myelopathy in patients more than 75 years of age","volume":"24","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999"},{"key":"b26-focus1657","series-title":"BMJ Qual Improv Rep","article-title":"Enhanced recovery clinical education programme improves quality of postoperative care","volume":"4","author":"McDonald","year":"2015"},{"key":"b27-focus1657","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","first-page":"930","article-title":"Fluid management issues in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society standards","volume":"62","author":"Merchant","year":"2015"},{"key":"b28-focus1657","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","first-page":"158","article-title":"Fluid management and goal-directed therapy as an adjunct to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)","volume":"62","author":"Miller","year":"2015"},{"key":"b29-focus1657","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","first-page":"931","article-title":"In reply: Fluid management issues in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society standards","volume":"62","author":"Miller","year":"2015"},{"key":"b30-focus1657","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"361","article-title":"A prospective survey of the causes of non-traumatic spastic paraparesis and tetraparesis in 585 patients","volume":"35","author":"Moore","year":"1997"},{"key":"b31-focus1657","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"119","article-title":"Preoperative patient selection with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and electroencephalography: does the test predict outcome after cervical surgery?","volume":"11","author":"Mummaneni","year":"2009"},{"key":"b32-focus1657","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"240","article-title":"Clinical features and surgical outcomes of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients aged 80 years or older: a multi-center retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"Nagashima","year":"2011"},{"key":"b33-focus1657","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"220","article-title":"Cervical myelopathy in elderly patients: clinical results and MRI findings before and after decompression surgery","volume":"34","author":"Nagata","year":"1996"},{"key":"b34-focus1657","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","article-title":"Does age affect surgical outcomes in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy? Results from the prospective multicenter AOSpine International study on 479 patients","author":"Nakashima","year":"2015"},{"key":"b35-focus1657","series-title":"An Aging Nation: The Older Population in the United States; Population Estimates and Projections","author":"Ortman","year":"2014"},{"key":"b36-focus1657","series-title":"Pol Przegl Chir","first-page":"565","article-title":"The use of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer\u2014a comparative analysis of patients aged above 80 and below 55","volume":"87","author":"P\u0119dziwiatr","year":"2015"},{"key":"b37-focus1657","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"717","article-title":"Assessment of impact of long-cassette standing X-rays on surgical planning for cervical pathology: an international survey of spine surgeons","volume":"78","author":"Ramchandran","year":"2016"},{"key":"b38-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"299","article-title":"Cervical sagittal imbalance is a predictor of kyphotic deformity after laminoplasty in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients without preoperative kyphotic alignment","volume":"41","author":"Sakai","year":"2016"},{"key":"b39-focus1657","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"1466","article-title":"Risk factors for delirium after spinal surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Shi","year":"2015"},{"issue":"22 Suppl 1","key":"b40-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"S161","article-title":"Association of myelopathy scores with cervical sagittal balance and normalized spinal cord volume: analysis of 56 preoperative cases from the AOSpine North America Myelopathy study","volume":"38","author":"Smith","year":"2013"},{"key":"b41-focus1657","series-title":"Neurosurgery","article-title":"Prospective multicenter assessment of early complication rates associated with adult cervical deformity surgery in 78 patients","author":"Smith","year":"2015"},{"key":"b42-focus1657","series-title":"Korean J Spine","first-page":"39","article-title":"Effectiveness of the laminoplasty in the elderly patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"11","author":"Son","year":"2014"},{"key":"b43-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"2308","article-title":"Operative results of canal-expansive laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly patients","volume":"24","author":"Tanaka","year":"1999"},{"key":"b44-focus1657","series-title":"Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed","first-page":"659","article-title":"[Frequency of osteochondrotic roentgen findings in the cervical spine of 400 adults being free of symptoms.]","volume":"85","author":"Tepe","year":"1956"},{"key":"b45-focus1657","series-title":"Neurol Clin","first-page":"287","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"31","author":"Toledano","year":"2013"},{"key":"b46-focus1657","series-title":"Neurologist","first-page":"176","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"16","author":"Tracy","year":"2010"},{"key":"b47-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1290","article-title":"Updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane collaboration back review group","volume":"28","author":"van Tulder","year":"2003"},{"key":"b48-focus1657","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"843.e11","article-title":"Mini-open pedicle subtraction osteotomy: surgical technique","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"b49-focus1657","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E3","article-title":"The safety profile of lumbar spinal surgery in elderly patients 85 years and older","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2015"},{"key":"b50-focus1657","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"122","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: surgical results and factors affecting outcome with special reference to age differences","volume":"52","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2003"},{"key":"b51-focus1657","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"2545","article-title":"The effects of surgery on locomotion in elderly patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"22","author":"Yoshida","year":"2013"},{"key":"b52-focus1657","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"1064","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older persons","volume":"62","author":"Young","year":"2000"},{"key":"b1-focus1657","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"47","article-title":"Surgical treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly patients: a retrospective study","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2-focus1657","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","first-page":"376","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Emery","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3-focus1657","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"26","article-title":"Anterior versus posterior approach for the treatment of cervical compressive myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Feng","year":"2016"},{"key":"b4-focus1657","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"552","article-title":"Reciprocal changes in cervical spine alignment after corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery","volume":"23","author":"Ha","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b5-focus1657","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"173","article-title":"Evaluation of prognostic factors and clinical outcome in elderly patients in whom expansive laminoplasty is performed for cervical myelopathy due to multisegmental spondylotic canal stenosis. A retrospective comparison with younger patients","volume":"96","author":"Handa","year":"2002"},{"key":"b6-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"618","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the aged patient. A radiographic evaluation of the aging changes in the cervical spine and etiologic factors of myelopathy","volume":"13","author":"Hayashi","year":"1988"},{"key":"b7-focus1657","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"233","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of elderly patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"69","author":"Holly","year":"2008"},{"key":"b8-focus1657","series-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)","first-page":"211","article-title":"Laminoplasty for patients aged 75 years or older with cervical myelopathy","volume":"16","author":"Ishii","year":"2008"},{"key":"b9-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"371","article-title":"The impact of cervical sagittal alignment parameters on neck disability","volume":"41","author":"Iyer","year":"2016"},{"key":"b10-focus1657","series-title":"Neuroscientist","first-page":"409","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: the clinical phenomenon and the current pathobiology of an increasingly prevalent and devastating disorder","volume":"19","author":"Kalsi-Ryan","year":"2013"},{"key":"b11-focus1657","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients aged 75 years or more: a comparative study of operative methods","volume":"134","author":"Kanchiku","year":"2014"},{"key":"b12-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"2209","article-title":"Pathomechanism of myelopathy and surgical results of laminoplasty in elderly patients with cervical spondylosis","volume":"28","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2003"},{"key":"b13-focus1657","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"388","article-title":"Osteo-arthrosis and disk degeneration in an urban population","volume":"17","author":"Kellgren","year":"1958"},{"key":"b14-focus1657","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"539","article-title":"F-wave velocity in the central segment of the median and ulnar nerves. A study in normal subjects and in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease","volume":"24","author":"Kimura","year":"1974"},{"key":"b15-focus1657","series-title":"Orthop Clin North Am","first-page":"193","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a review of the evidence","volume":"41","author":"Klineberg","year":"2010"},{"key":"b16-focus1657","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e1465","article-title":"Anesthesia-related and perioperative cardiac arrest in low- and high-income countries: a systematic review with meta-regression and proportional meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Koga","year":"2015"},{"key":"b17-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"213","article-title":"The clinical correlation of the Hart-ISSG proximal junctional kyphosis severity scale with health related quality of life outcomes and need for revision surgery","volume":"41","author":"Lau","year":"2016"},{"key":"b18-focus1657","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"121","article-title":"Disc degeneration. Its frequency and relationship to symptoms","volume":"28","author":"Lawrence","year":"1969"},{"key":"b19-focus1657","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"100","article-title":"Correlation between cervical spine sagittal alignment and clinical outcome after cervical laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2016"},{"key":"b20-focus1657","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"129","article-title":"Surgical results of anterior corpectomy in the aged patients with cervical myelopathy","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2008"},{"key":"b21-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"667","article-title":"Can elderly patients recover adequately after laminoplasty?: a comparative study of 520 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"37","author":"Machino","year":"2012"},{"key":"b22-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"757","article-title":"Surgical treatment assessment of cervical laminoplasty using quantitative performance evaluation in elderly patients: a prospective comparative study in 505 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"41","author":"Machino","year":"2016"},{"key":"b23-focus1657","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"118","article-title":"Age-related surgical outcomes of laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"5","author":"Maeno","year":"2015"},{"key":"b24-focus1657","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"938","article-title":"The impact of dynamic factors on surgical outcomes after double-door laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine","volume":"21","author":"Maruo","year":"2014"},{"key":"b25-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"529","article-title":"Outcomes of surgical treatment for cervical myelopathy in patients more than 75 years of age","volume":"24","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999"},{"key":"b26-focus1657","series-title":"BMJ Qual Improv Rep","article-title":"Enhanced recovery clinical education programme improves quality of postoperative care","volume":"4","author":"McDonald","year":"2015"},{"key":"b27-focus1657","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","first-page":"930","article-title":"Fluid management issues in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society standards","volume":"62","author":"Merchant","year":"2015"},{"key":"b28-focus1657","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","first-page":"158","article-title":"Fluid management and goal-directed therapy as an adjunct to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)","volume":"62","author":"Miller","year":"2015"},{"key":"b29-focus1657","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","first-page":"931","article-title":"In reply: Fluid management issues in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society standards","volume":"62","author":"Miller","year":"2015"},{"key":"b30-focus1657","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"361","article-title":"A prospective survey of the causes of non-traumatic spastic paraparesis and tetraparesis in 585 patients","volume":"35","author":"Moore","year":"1997"},{"key":"b31-focus1657","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"119","article-title":"Preoperative patient selection with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and electroencephalography: does the test predict outcome after cervical surgery?","volume":"11","author":"Mummaneni","year":"2009"},{"key":"b32-focus1657","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"240","article-title":"Clinical features and surgical outcomes of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients aged 80 years or older: a multi-center retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"Nagashima","year":"2011"},{"key":"b33-focus1657","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"220","article-title":"Cervical myelopathy in elderly patients: clinical results and MRI findings before and after decompression surgery","volume":"34","author":"Nagata","year":"1996"},{"key":"b34-focus1657","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","article-title":"Does age affect surgical outcomes in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy? Results from the prospective multicenter AOSpine International study on 479 patients","author":"Nakashima","year":"2015"},{"key":"b35-focus1657","series-title":"An Aging Nation: The Older Population in the United States; Population Estimates and Projections","author":"Ortman","year":"2014"},{"key":"b36-focus1657","series-title":"Pol Przegl Chir","first-page":"565","article-title":"The use of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer\u2014a comparative analysis of patients aged above 80 and below 55","volume":"87","author":"P\u0119dziwiatr","year":"2015"},{"key":"b37-focus1657","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"717","article-title":"Assessment of impact of long-cassette standing X-rays on surgical planning for cervical pathology: an international survey of spine surgeons","volume":"78","author":"Ramchandran","year":"2016"},{"key":"b38-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"299","article-title":"Cervical sagittal imbalance is a predictor of kyphotic deformity after laminoplasty in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients without preoperative kyphotic alignment","volume":"41","author":"Sakai","year":"2016"},{"key":"b39-focus1657","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"1466","article-title":"Risk factors for delirium after spinal surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Shi","year":"2015"},{"issue":"22 Suppl 1","key":"b40-focus1657","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"S161","article-title":"Association of myelopathy scores with cervical sagittal balance and normalized spinal cord volume: analysis of 56 preoperative cases from the AOSpine North America Myelopathy study","volume":"38","author":"Smith","year":"2013"},{"key":"b41-focus1657","series-title":"Neurosurgery","article-title":"Prospective multicenter assessment of early complication rates associated with adult cervical deformity surgery in 78 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