{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:12:33Z","timestamp":1791666753184,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The O-arm system in spine surgery allows greater accuracy, lower rate of screw misplacement, and reduced surgical time. Some concerns have been postulated regarding the radiation doses to patients and surgeons. To the best of the authors' knowledge, most of the studies in the literature were performed with the use of phantoms. The authors present data regarding radiation exposure of the surgeon and operating room (OR) staff in a consecutive series of patients undergoing spine surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Radiation exposure data were collected in a series of 107 patients who underwent spine surgery using the O-arm system. The doses received by the surgeon and the staff were collected using electronic dosimeters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All patients underwent 1\u20133 scans. The mean radiation dose to the patients was 5.15 mSv (range 1.48\u20137.64 mSv). The mean dose registered for the scan operator was 0.005 \u03bcSv (range 0.00\u20130.03 \u03bcSv) while the other members of the surgical team positioned outside the OR received 0 \u03bcSv.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The O-arm system exposes patients to a higher radiation dose than standard fluoroscopy. However, considering the clear advantages of this system, this adjunctive dose can be considered acceptable. Moreover, the effective dose to the patient can be reduced using collimation or minimizing the parameters of the O-arm system used in this paper. The exposure to operators is essentially negligible when radioprotective garments and protocols are adopted as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3.spine151139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,26]],"date-time":"2016-06-26T01:03:21Z","timestamp":1466903001000},"page":"654-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Radiation exposure in spine surgery using an image-guided system based on intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography: analysis of 107 consecutive cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Tosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Physics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Attuati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cardia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ortolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Grimaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Galbusera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Galeazzi, IRCCS, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Fornari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-spine151139","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318211fdea","article-title":"Optimization of radiation exposure and image quality of the cone-beam O-arm intraoperative imaging system in spinal surgery","volume":"25","author":"Abul-Kasim","year":"2012"},{"key":"b2-spine151139","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.180.3.1871307","article-title":"Radiation exposure to angiographers under different fluoroscopic imaging conditions","volume":"180","author":"Boone","year":"1991"},{"key":"b3-spine151139","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318201129d","article-title":"Spinal navigation: standard preoperative versus intraoperative computed tomography data set acquisition for computer-guidance system: radiological and clinical study in 100 consecutive patients","volume":"36","author":"Costa","year":"2011"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b4-spine151139","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"59","article-title":"CT-based image-guided system (IGS) in spinal surgery. 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