{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T04:01:00Z","timestamp":1782360060909,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\nRecent studies have described encouraging outcomes after cervical total disc replacement (cTDR), but there are also critical debates regarding the long-term effects of heterotopic ossification (HO) and the prevalence of adjacent-level degeneration. The aim in this paper was to provide 4-year clinical and radiographic outcome results on the activ C disc prosthesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nMETHODS<\/jats:title>\nA total of 200 subjects underwent single-level activ C (Aesculap AG) implantation between C-3 and C-7 for the treatment of symptomatic degenerative disc disease. Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, at discharge, and again at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 4 years. Radiographic evaluations were done by an independent core laboratory using a specific software for quantitative motion analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nRESULTS<\/jats:title>\nNeck Disability Index (NDI) and visual analog scale (VAS) score for neck and arm pain decreased significantly from baseline to the 4-year follow-up. The mean improvement for NDI was 20, for VAS severity and frequency of neck pain 26.4 and 28, and for VAS severity and frequency of arm pain 30.7 and 35.1, respectively. The neurological situation improved for the majority of patients (86.4%); 76.1% of cases were asymptomatic. Subsequent surgical interventions were reported in 7% of the cases, including device removals in 3%. In 2.5% a subsidence greater than 3 mm was recorded; 1 of these cases also had a migration greater than 3 mm. No device displacement, expulsion, disassembly, loose or fractured device, osteolysis, or facet joint degeneration at the index level was observed. Segmental lordotic alignment changed from \u22122.4\u00b0 preoperatively to \u22126.2\u00b0 at 4 years, and postoperative height was maintained during the follow-up. Advanced HO (Grade III and IV) was present in 27.1% of the cases; 82.4% showed segmental mobility. A progression of radiographic adjacent-segment degeneration occurred in 28.2%, but only 4.5% required surgical treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nCONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\nThe activ C is a safe and effective device for cervical disc replacement confirming the encouraging results after cTDR.<\/jats:p>\nClinical trial registration no.: NCT02492724 (clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3.spine15810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T14:02:07Z","timestamp":1464962527000},"page":"556-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Four-year results of a prospective single-arm study on 200 semi-constrained total cervical disc prostheses: clinical and radiographic outcome"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hans-J\u00f6rg","family":"Meisel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, BG Clinic Bergmannstrost, Halle, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubom\u00edr","family":"Jur\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocentre, Regional Hospital Liberec, Czech Republic;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Antinheimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Arregui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Department, Hospital Maz, Zaragoza, Spain;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Bruchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Surgery, Katholisches Klinikum Koblenz, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"\u010cabraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Wirbels\u00e4ulenchirurgie, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Caroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, \u201cRegina Elena\u201d National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kroppenstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung f\u00fcr Wirbels\u00e4ulenchirurgie, Sana Kliniken Sommerfeld, Kremmen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kryl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Spine Surgery, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Pohjola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Shackleford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Surgery, Warrington District General Hospital, Warrington, United Kingdom; 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