{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:26:12Z","timestamp":1791563172023,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors describe the case of a large WHO Grade III anaplastic oligoastrocytoma extending through the anterior skull base and into the right nasal cavity and sinuses. Glial neoplasms are typically confined to the intracranial compartment within the brain parenchyma and rarely extend into the nasal cavity without prior surgical or radiation therapy. This 42-year-old woman presented with progressive headaches and sinus congestion. MR imaging findings revealed a large intracranial lesion with intranasal extension. Endoscopic nasal biopsy revealed pathology consistent with an infiltrating glioma. The patient subsequently underwent a combined transcranial\/endonasal endoscopic approach for resection of this lesion. Pathological diagnosis revealed a WHO Grade III oligoastrocytoma. This report reviews the mechanisms of extradural glioma extension. To the authors' knowledge, it is the second report of a high-grade glioma exhibiting nasal extension without prior surgical or radiation treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.4.jns151724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T14:01:58Z","timestamp":1464962518000},"page":"1484-1487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High-grade glioma with anterior skull base erosion and intranasal extension: case report"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Stib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Siu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Isabel","family":"Almira-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Litvack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, George Washington University, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan H.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns151724","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1947.00690020660007","article-title":"Intranasal (sphenopharyngeal) encephalocele; a report of a case with intracranial repair and a review of the subject","volume":"46","author":"Anderson FM:","year":"1947","unstructured":"Anderson FM: Intranasal (sphenopharyngeal) encephalocele; a report of a case with intracranial repair and a review of the subject. Arch Otolaryngol 46:644\u2013654, 194710.1001\/archotol.1947.00690020660007"},{"key":"b2-jns151724","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"343","article-title":"Extradural nasal and orbital extension of glioblastoma multiforme without previous surgical intervention","volume":"14","author":"Aoyama I","year":"1980","unstructured":"Aoyama I, Makita Y, Nabeshima S, Motomochi M, Masuda A: Extradural nasal and orbital extension of glioblastoma multiforme without previous surgical intervention. Surg Neurol 14:343\u2013347, 19806255620"},{"key":"b3-jns151724","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1965.00760010529015","article-title":"Intranasal encephaloceles","volume":"82","author":"Blumenfeld R","year":"1965","unstructured":"Blumenfeld R, Skolnik EM: Intranasal encephaloceles. Arch Otolaryngol 82:527\u2013531, 1965589176110.1001\/archotol.1965.00760010529015"},{"key":"b4-jns151724","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1980.00790330016007","article-title":"Nasal gliomas","volume":"106","author":"Gorenstein A","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gorenstein A, Kern EB, Facer GW, Laws ER Jr: Nasal gliomas. Arch Otolaryngol 106:536\u2013540, 198010.1001\/archotol.1980.007903300160077406759"},{"key":"b5-jns151724","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(96)00037-7","article-title":"Extradural extension of glioblastoma multiforme into the oral cavity: case report","volume":"46","author":"Horiuchi T","year":"1996","unstructured":"Horiuchi T, Osawa M, Itoh N, Kobayashi S, Nitta J, Hongo K: Extradural extension of glioblastoma multiforme into the oral cavity: case report. Surg Neurol 46:42\u201346, 199610.1016\/0090-3019(96)00037-78677487"},{"key":"b6-jns151724","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.47.5.0766","article-title":"Spontaneous transdural extension of malignant astrocytoma. Case report","volume":"47","author":"Kawano N","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kawano N, Yada K, Ogawa Y, Sasaki K: Spontaneous transdural extension of malignant astrocytoma. Case report. J Neurosurg 47:766\u2013770, 197710.3171\/jns.1977.47.5.0766908941"},{"key":"b7-jns151724","series-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System","author":"Louis DN","year":"2007","unstructured":"Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK: WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System Lyon, France, World Health Organization, 2007"},{"key":"b8-jns151724","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1983.00800200066020","article-title":"Intranasal encephalocele masking as a nasal polyp in an adult patient","volume":"109","author":"Love GL","year":"1983","unstructured":"Love GL, Riehl PA: Intranasal encephalocele masking as a nasal polyp in an adult patient. Arch Otolaryngol 109:420\u2013421, 198310.1001\/archotol.1983.00800200066020"},{"key":"b9-jns151724","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.33.312","article-title":"Anaplastic astrocytoma with extracranial extension\u2014case report","volume":"33","author":"Mimata C","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mimata C, Itoyama Y, Kuratsu J, Uemura S, Fujioka S, Ushio Y: Anaplastic astrocytoma with extracranial extension\u2014case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 33:312\u2013315, 1993768703910.2176\/nmc.33.312"},{"key":"b10-jns151724","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(89)90074-8","article-title":"Extradural nasal and orbital extension of malignant glioma. Case report","volume":"31","author":"Orita T","year":"1989","unstructured":"Orita T, Nishizaki T, Furutani Y, Aoki H: Extradural nasal and orbital extension of malignant glioma. Case report. Surg Neurol 31:395\u2013399, 1989271131510.1016\/0090-3019(89)90074-8"},{"key":"b11-jns151724","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01050265","article-title":"The transdural extension of gliomas","volume":"15","author":"Pompili A","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pompili A, Calvosa F, Caroli F, Mastrostefano R, Occhipinti E, Raus L, : The transdural extension of gliomas. J Neurooncol 15:67\u201374, 1993845506410.1007\/BF01050265"},{"key":"b12-jns151724","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1967.26.5.0542","article-title":"Development of extracranial metastases from a malignant astrocytoma in the absence of previous craniotomy. Case report","volume":"26","author":"Rubinstein LJ:","year":"1967","unstructured":"Rubinstein LJ: Development of extracranial metastases from a malignant astrocytoma in the absence of previous craniotomy. Case report. J Neurosurg 26:542\u2013547, 196710.3171\/jns.1967.26.5.05426025328"},{"key":"b13-jns151724","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1326-7","article-title":"Farewell to oligoastrocytoma: in situ molecular genetics favor classification as either oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma","volume":"128","author":"Sahm F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sahm F, Reuss D, Koelsche C, Capper D, Schittenhelm J, Heim S, : Farewell to oligoastrocytoma: in situ molecular genetics favor classification as either oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma. Acta Neuropathol 128:551\u2013559, 20142514330110.1007\/s00401-014-1326-7"},{"key":"b14-jns151724","series-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700840127","article-title":"Transdural spread of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"84","author":"Sanerkin NG:","year":"1962","unstructured":"Sanerkin NG: Transdural spread of glioblastoma multiforme. J Pathol Bacteriol 84:228\u2013233, 196210.1002\/path.170084012714496909"},{"key":"b15-jns151724","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690500081164","article-title":"Spontaneous transdural spread of glioblastoma with atypical presentation","volume":"19","author":"Shenoy SN","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shenoy SN, Raja A: Spontaneous transdural spread of glioblastoma with atypical presentation. Br J Neurosurg 19:61\u201365, 200510.1080\/0268869050008116416147587"},{"key":"b16-jns151724","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.50.1108","article-title":"Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with a component of anaplastic astrocytoma presenting as skull base tumor followed by downward extracranial extension. Case report","volume":"50","author":"Tsutsumi S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsutsumi S, Abe Y, Yasumoto Y, Ito M: Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with a component of anaplastic astrocytoma presenting as skull base tumor followed by downward extracranial extension. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 50:1108\u20131112, 20102120618910.2176\/nmc.50.1108"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/126\/5\/article-p1484.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/126\/5\/article-p1484.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/126\/5\/article-p1484.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T02:56:05Z","timestamp":1742698565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/126\/5\/article-p1484.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.4.jns151724","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}}}