{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:04:53Z","timestamp":1783775093228,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Accurately determining diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) tumor volume is clinically important. The aims of the current study were to 1) measure DIPG volumes using methods that require different degrees of subjective judgment; and 2) evaluate interobserver agreement of measurements made using these methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Eight patients from a Phase I clinical trial testing convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of a therapeutic antibody were included in the study. Pre-CED, post\u2013radiation therapy axial T2-weighted images were analyzed using 2 methods requiring high degrees of subjective judgment (picture archiving and communication system [PACS] polygon and Volume Viewer auto-contour methods) and 1 method requiring a low degree of subjective judgment (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>-means clustering segmentation) to determine tumor volumes. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) were calculated to assess interobserver agreement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The CCCs of measurements made by 2 observers with the PACS polygon and the Volume Viewer auto-contour methods were 0.9465 (lower 1-sided 95% confidence limit 0.8472) and 0.7514 (lower 1-sided 95% confidence limit 0.3143), respectively. Both were considered poor agreement. The CCC of measurements made using <jats:italic>k-<\/jats:italic>means clustering segmentation was 0.9938 (lower 1-sided 95% confidence limit 0.9772), which was considered substantial strength of agreement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The poor interobserver agreement of PACS polygon and Volume Viewer auto-contour methods highlighted the difficulty in consistently measuring DIPG tumor volumes using methods requiring high degrees of subjective judgment. <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>-means clustering segmentation, which requires a low degree of subjective judgment, showed better interobserver agreement and produced tumor volumes with delineated borders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.4.peds16132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,8]],"date-time":"2016-07-08T13:58:17Z","timestamp":1467986297000},"page":"565-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A novel magnetic resonance imaging segmentation technique for determining diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma tumor volume"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ranjodh","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Medical College of Cornell University;\u00a0"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Tisnado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung K.","family":"Peck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology,"},{"name":"Medical Physics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos John","family":"Tsiouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunitha B.","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology,"},{"name":"Medical Physics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark M.","family":"Souweidane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"},{"name":"Pediatrics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; 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