{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T09:11:22Z","timestamp":1779527482540,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Adult-onset hydrocephalus is not commonly discussed in the literature, especially regarding its demographic distribution. In contrast to pediatric hydrocephalus, which is related to a primary CSF pathway defect, its development in adults is often secondary to other pathologies. In this study, the authors investigated the epidemiology of adult-onset hydrocephalus as it pertains to different etiologies and in reference to age, sex, and race distributions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical notes of 2001 patients with adult-onset hydrocephalus who presented to Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center within a 25-year span. Significant differences between the groups were analyzed by a chi-square test; p < 0.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The overall mean (\u00b1 SEM) incidence of adult hydrocephalus in this population was 77 \u00b1 30 per year, with a significant increase in incidence in the past decade (55 \u00b1 3 [1990\u20132003] vs 102 \u00b1 6 [2004\u20132015]; p < 0.0001). Hydrocephalus in a majority of the patients had a vascular etiology (45.5%) or was a result of a tumor (30.2%). The incidence of hydrocephalus in different age groups varied according to various pathologies. The incidence was significantly higher in males with normal-pressure hydrocephalus (p = 0.03) or head injury (p = 0.01) and higher in females with pseudotumor cerebri (p < 0.0001). In addition, the overall incidence of hydrocephalus was significantly higher in Caucasian patients (p = 0.0002) than in those of any other race.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Knowledge of the demographic variations in adult-onset hydrocephalus is helpful in achieving better risk stratification and better managing the disease in patients. For general applicability, these results should be validated in a large-scale meta-analysis based on a national population database.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.7.focus16188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T03:39:30Z","timestamp":1472701170000},"page":"E5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Epidemiology of adult-onset hydrocephalus: institutional experience with 2001 patients"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Shyamal C.","family":"Bir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devi Prasad","family":"Patra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanmoy K.","family":"Maiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Guthikonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Notarianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus16188","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"560","article-title":"Racial and socioeconomic disparities in outcomes following pediatric cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedures","volume":"15","author":"Attenello","year":"2015"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b2-focus16188","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"643","article-title":"Surgical management of adult hydrocephalus","volume":"62","author":"Bergsneider","year":"2008"},{"key":"b3-focus16188","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)","first-page":"673","article-title":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: diagnosis, monitoring and treatment","volume":"168","author":"Biousse","year":"2012"},{"key":"b4-focus16188","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"2122","article-title":"Long term outcome of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors","volume":"21","author":"Bir","year":"2014"},{"key":"b5-focus16188","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"153","article-title":"Distribution of ABO blood groups in the patients with intracranial aneurysm and association of different risk factors with particular blood type","volume":"10","author":"Bir","year":"2015"},{"key":"b6-focus16188","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"48","article-title":"Prevalence of probable idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in a Norwegian population","volume":"118","author":"Brean","year":"2008"},{"key":"b7-focus16188","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"753","article-title":"Adult-onset hydrocephalus","volume":"12","author":"Chahlavi","year":"2001"},{"key":"b8-focus16188","series-title":"BMC Cancer","first-page":"325","article-title":"Demographic variation in incidence of adult glioma by subtype, United States, 1992\u20132007","volume":"11","author":"Dubrow","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"b9-focus16188","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E13","article-title":"Surgical interventions for primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Elder","year":"2006"},{"key":"b10-focus16188","series-title":"Neurol Clin","first-page":"867","article-title":"Epidemiology of brain tumors","volume":"25","author":"Fisher","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11-focus16188","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"159","article-title":"Surgical treatment of cerebellar metastases.","volume":"2","author":"Ghods"},{"key":"b12-focus16188","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Brain cancer incidence trends in relation to cellular telephone use in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Inskip","year":"2010"},{"key":"b13-focus16188","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1449","article-title":"Prevalence of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"82","author":"Jaraj","year":"2014"},{"key":"b14-focus16188","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"30","article-title":"Hydrocephalus caused by giant pituitary tumors: case series and guidelines for management","volume":"23","author":"Joshi","year":"2009"},{"key":"b15-focus16188","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"223","article-title":"Incidence of vestibular schwannomas in the United States","volume":"124","author":"Kshettry","year":"2015"},{"key":"b16-focus16188","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"795","article-title":"On the changing epidemiology of hydrocephalus","volume":"25","author":"Massimi","year":"2009"},{"key":"b17-focus16188","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"538","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of 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Incidence, clinical picture, and treatment","volume":"55","author":"Raimondi","year":"1981"},{"key":"b23-focus16188","series-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol","first-page":"9","article-title":"A contemporary definition and classification of hydrocephalus","volume":"16","author":"Rekate","year":"2009"},{"key":"b24-focus16188","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"378","article-title":"Predicting postresection hydrocephalus in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors","volume":"3","author":"Riva-Cambrin","year":"2009"},{"key":"b25-focus16188","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"72","article-title":"National and regional incidence of surgery for adult hydrocephalus in Sweden","volume":"112","author":"Tisell","year":"2005"},{"key":"b26-focus16188","series-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol","first-page":"767","article-title":"Significant increases of pituitary tumors and resections from 1993 to 2011","volume":"4","author":"Villwock","year":"2014"},{"key":"b27-focus16188","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"307","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of meningioma","volume":"99","author":"Wiemels","year":"2010"},{"key":"b28-focus16188","series-title":"Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot","first-page":"121","article-title":"Fatal accident distribution by age, gender and head injury, and death probability at accident scene in Mashhad, Iran, 2006\u20132009","volume":"20","author":"Zangooei Dovom","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/41\/3\/article-pE5.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/41\/3\/article-pE5.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/41\/3\/article-pE5.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:58:13Z","timestamp":1779526693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/41\/3\/article-pE5.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.7.focus16188","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}