{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T09:11:29Z","timestamp":1779527489647,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraventricular choroid plexus cysts are unusual causes of acute hydrocephalus in children. Radiological diagnosis of intraventricular choroid plexus cysts is difficult because they have very thin walls and fluid contents similar to CSF and can go undetected on routine CT studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reports the authors' experience with 5 patients affected by intraventricular cysts originating from the choroid plexus. All patients experienced acute presentation with rapid neurological deterioration, sometimes associated with hypothalamic dysfunction, and required urgent surgery. In 2 cases the symptoms were intermittent, with spontaneous remission and sudden clinical deteriorations, reflecting an intermittent obstruction of the CSF pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiological diagnosis was difficult in these cases because a nonenhanced CT scan revealed only triventricular hydrocephalus, with slight lateral ventricle asymmetry in all cases. MRI with driven-equilibrium sequences and CT ventriculography (in 1 case) allowed the authors to accurately diagnose the intraventricular cysts that typically occupied the posterior part of the third ventricle, occluding the aqueduct and at least 1 foramen of Monro. The patients were managed by urgent implantation of an external ventricular drain in 1 case (followed by endoscopic surgery, after completing a diagnostic workup) and by urgent endoscopic surgery in 4 cases. Endoscopic surgery allowed the shrinkage and near-complete removal of the cysts in all cases. Use of neuronavigation and a laser were indispensable. All procedures were uneventful, resulting in restoration of normal neurological conditions. Long-term follow-up (&gt; 2 years) was available for 2 patients, and no complications or recurrences occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case series emphasizes the necessity of an accurate and precise identification of the possible causes of triventricular hydrocephalus. Endoscopic surgery can be considered the ideal treatment of choroid plexus cysts in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.8.focus16269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T03:38:03Z","timestamp":1477971483000},"page":"E9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Acute triventricular hydrocephalus caused by choroid plexus cysts: a diagnostic and neurosurgical challenge"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Pietro","family":"Spennato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Chiaramonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery \u201cFederico II,\u201d Naples; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Cicala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Donofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manlio","family":"Barbarisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Second University of Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Nastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mirone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Trischitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cinalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatric Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus16269","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"815","article-title":"Endoscopic management of a choroid plexus cyst of the third ventricle: case report and documentation of dynamic behavior","volume":"31","author":"Azab","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2-focus16269","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"428","article-title":"MRI of hemorrhagic choroid plexus cyst","volume":"35","author":"Baka","year":"1993"},{"key":"b3-focus16269","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"148","article-title":"Cyst of the mesencephalon (neuroepithelial cyst?): review and case report","volume":"40","author":"Baysefer","year":"1997"},{"issue":"6 Suppl Operative","key":"b4-focus16269","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"376","article-title":"Endoscopic cauterization of a symptomatic choroid plexus cyst at the foramen of Monro: case report","volume":"66","author":"Chamczuk","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b5-focus16269","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment of a third ventricle choroid plexus cyst.","volume":"34","author":"de Lara","year":"2013"},{"key":"b6-focus16269","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"571","article-title":"Treatment of intermittent obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a choroid plexus cyst","volume":"4","author":"Filardi","year":"2009"},{"key":"b7-focus16269","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"153","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment of para- and intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid cysts","volume":"43","author":"Gangemi","year":"2000"},{"key":"b8-focus16269","series-title":"Prenat Diagn","first-page":"983","article-title":"Is genetic amniocentesis warranted when isolated choroid plexus cysts are found?","volume":"16","author":"Gray","year":"1996"},{"key":"b9-focus16269","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e1084","article-title":"Incidental findings on brain and spine imaging in children.","volume":"135","author":"Maher","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"b10-focus16269","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"236","article-title":"Acute hydrocephalus secondary to obstruction of the foramen of monro and cerebral aqueduct caused by a choroid plexus cyst in the lateral ventricle. 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