{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:45:44Z","timestamp":1792665944479,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Craniopharyngioma (CP) adherence strongly influences the potential for achieving a radical and safe surgical treatment. However, this factor remains poorly addressed in the scientific literature. This study provides a rational, comprehensive description of CP adherence that can be used for the prediction of surgical risks associated with the removal of these challenging lesions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n This study retrospectively analyzes the evidence provided in pathological, neuroradiological, and surgical CP reports concerning 3 components of the CP attachment: 1) the intracranial structures attached to the tumor; 2) the morphology of the adhesion; and 3) the adhesion strength. From a total of 1781 CP reports published between 1857 and 2016, a collection of 500 CPs providing the best information about the type of CP attachment were investigated. This cohort includes autopsy studies (n = 254); surgical studies with a detailed description or pictorial evidence of CP adherence (n = 298); and surgical CP videos (n = 61) showing the technical steps for releasing the attachment. A predictive model of CP adherence in hierarchical severity levels correlated with surgical outcomes was generated by multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The anatomical location of the CP attachment occurred predominantly at the third ventricle floor (TVF) (54%, n = 268), third ventricle walls (23%, n = 114), and pituitary stalk (19%, n = 94). The optic chiasm was involved in 56% (n = 281). Six morphological patterns of CP attachment were identified: 1) fibrovascular pedicle (5.4%); 2) sessile or patch-like (21%); 3) cap-like (over the CP top, 14%); 4) bowl-like (around the CP bottom, 13.5%); 5) ring-like (encircling central band, 19%); and 6) circumferential (enveloping the entire CP, 27%). Adhesion strength was classified in 4 grades: 1) loose (easily dissectible, 8%); 2) tight (requires sharp dissection, 32%); 3) fusion (no clear cleavage plane, 40%); and 4) replacement (loss of brain tissue integrity, 20%). The types of CP attachment associated with the worst surgical outcomes are the ring-like, bowl-like, and circumferential ones with fusion to the TVF or replacement of this structure (p < 0.001). The CP topography is the variable that best predicts the type of CP attachment (p < 0.001). Ring-like and circumferential attachments were observed for CPs invading the TVF (secondary intraventricular CPs) and CPs developing within the TVF itself (infundibulo-tuberal CPs). Brain invasion and peritumoral gliosis occurred predominantly in the ring-like and circumferential adherence patterns (p < 0.001). A multivariate model including the variables CP topography, tumor consistency, and the presence of hydrocephalus, infundibulo-tuberal syndrome, and\/or hypothalamic dysfunction accurately predicts the severity of CP attachment in 87% of cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n A comprehensive descriptive model of CP adherence in 5 hierarchical levels of increased severity\u2014mild, moderate, serious, severe, and critical\u2014was generated. This model, based on the location, morphology, and strength of the attachment can be used to anticipate the surgical risk of hypothalamic injury and to plan the degree of removal accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.focus16304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T03:37:19Z","timestamp":1480563439000},"page":"E13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Craniopharyngioma adherence: a comprehensive topographical categorization and outcome-related risk stratification model based on the methodical examination of 500 tumors"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ruth","family":"Prieto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, La Princesa University Hospital;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rosdolsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Medical Translator, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Castro-Dufourny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hospital del Sureste;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sewan","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t, Dresden, Germany; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Department, Computing Center, C.S.I.C., Madrid, Spain;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"12","article-title":"Correlation of clinical and pathological features in surgically treated craniopharyngiomas","volume":"73","author":"Adamson","year":"1990"},{"key":"b2-focus16304","series-title":"Intracranial Tumors of Infancy and Childhood","first-page":"349","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas","author":"Bailey","year":"1939"},{"key":"b3-focus16304","series-title":"Radiol Oncol","first-page":"266","article-title":"Early outcome in endoscopic extended endonasal approach for removal of supradiaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas: a case series and a comprehensive review","volume":"47","author":"Bosnjak","year":"2013"},{"key":"b4-focus16304","series-title":"Surgical Pathology of the Nervous System and Its Coverings","first-page":"475","article-title":"Region of the sella turcica. Craniopharyngiomas","author":"Burger","year":"2002"},{"key":"b5-focus16304","series-title":"Pituitary","first-page":"642","article-title":"The infundibulo-tuberal syndrome caused by craniopharyngiomas: clinicopathological evidence from an historical French cohort 1705\u20131973","volume":"18","author":"Castro-Dufourny","year":"2015"},{"key":"b6-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"27","article-title":"The endoscopic endonasal approach for the management of craniopharyngiomas involving the third ventricle","volume":"36","author":"Cavallo","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7-focus16304","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"169","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas: transsphenoidal method of approach\u2014for the virtuoso only?","volume":"27","author":"Ciric","year":"1980"},{"key":"b8-focus16304","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"437","article-title":"The pituitary adamantinomata","volume":"49","author":"Critchley","year":"1926"},{"key":"b9-focus16304","series-title":"Intracranial Tumors. Notes upon a series of two thousand verified cases with surgical-mortality percentages pertaining thereto","first-page":"93","article-title":"Congenital tumors: the craniopharyngiomas","author":"Cushing","year":"1932"},{"issue":"ONS Suppl 2","key":"b10-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS219","article-title":"Extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for extrasellar craniopharyngiomas.","volume":"61","author":"de Divitiis","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"73","article-title":"Management of childhood craniopharyngioma: can the morbidity of radical surgery be predicted?","volume":"85","author":"De Vile","year":"1996"},{"key":"b12-focus16304","series-title":"The Hypothalamus, Morphological, Functional, Clinical and Surgical Aspects","first-page":"131","article-title":"Surgical aspects of the hypothalamus","author":"Dott","year":"1938"},{"key":"b13-focus16304","series-title":"Sitzungsb Kais Akad Wissen Math Naturw Klin","first-page":"537","article-title":"\u00dcber Hypophysengangsgeschw\u00fclste und Hirncholesteatome","volume":"113","author":"Erdheim","year":"1904"},{"key":"b14-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"237","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: experience with 168 patients","volume":"90","author":"Fahlbusch","year":"1999"},{"key":"b15-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"47","article-title":"Aggressive surgical management of craniopharyngiomas in children","volume":"76","author":"Hoffman","year":"1992"},{"key":"b16-focus16304","series-title":"Correlative Neurosurgery","first-page":"168","article-title":"Tumors of the sellar region","author":"Kahn","year":"1955"},{"key":"b17-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"715","article-title":"Expanded endonasal approach, a fully endoscopic transnasal approach for the resection of midline suprasellar craniopharyngiomas: a new classification based on the infundibulum","volume":"108","author":"Kassam","year":"2008"},{"key":"b18-focus16304","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"39","article-title":"Pathological and clinical basis of the indications for treatment of craniopharyngiomas","volume":"21","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1981"},{"key":"b19-focus16304","series-title":"Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg","first-page":"281","article-title":"Operative management of craniopharyngiomas","volume":"8","author":"Konovalov","year":"1981"},{"key":"b20-focus16304","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"341","article-title":"[Operative procedures of craniopharyngioma estimated by autopsy findings (author's transl).]","volume":"20","author":"Kubota","year":"1980"},{"key":"b21-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"857","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas of the third ventricle: translamina terminalis approach","volume":"47","author":"Maira","year":"2000"},{"key":"b22-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"715","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: an evaluation of the transsphenoidal and pterional approaches","volume":"36","author":"Maira","year":"1995"},{"issue":"5 Suppl Pediatrics","key":"b23-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"421","article-title":"Influence of tumor location on the presentation and evolution of craniopharyngiomas.","volume":"103","author":"Meuric","year":"2005"},{"key":"b24-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1350","article-title":"Neurosurgical treatment of craniopharyngioma in adults and children: early and long-term results in a large case series","volume":"114","author":"Mortini","year":"2011"},{"key":"b25-focus16304","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"293","article-title":"Rathke-pouch tumours","volume":"80","author":"Northfield","year":"1957"},{"key":"b26-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"418","article-title":"Growth patterns of craniopharyngiomas: clinical analysis of 226 patients","volume":"17","author":"Pan","year":"2016"},{"key":"b27-focus16304","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"773","article-title":"Intraventricular craniopharyngioma: morphological analysis and outcome evaluation of 17 cases","volume":"153","author":"Pan","year":"2011"},{"key":"b28-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma classification","volume":"109","author":"Pascual","year":"2008"},{"key":"b29-focus16304","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"785","article-title":"Intraventricular craniopharyngiomas: topographical classification and surgical approach selection based on an extensive overview","volume":"146","author":"Pascual","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"b30-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Harvey Cushing and pituitary Case Number 3 (Mary D.): the origin of this most baffling problem in neurosurgery","volume":"41","author":"Pascual","year":"2016"},{"key":"b31-focus16304","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2403","article-title":"Infundibulo-tuberal or not strictly intraventricular craniopharyngioma: evidence for a major topographical category","volume":"153","author":"Pascual","year":"2011"},{"key":"b32-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"381","article-title":"Displacement of mammillary bodies by craniopharyngiomas involving the third ventricle: surgical-MRI correlation and use in topographical diagnosis","volume":"119","author":"Pascual","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"b33-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"1","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma adherence to the hypothalamus.","volume":"37","author":"Pascual","year":"2014"},{"key":"b34-focus16304","series-title":"Neurocirugia (Astur)","first-page":"211","article-title":"Premio Sixto Obrador 2013. Modelo topogr\u00e1fico de 3 ejes para el tratamiento quir\u00fargico de los craneofaringiomas. Parte II: Evidencias anat\u00f3micas y neurorradiol\u00f3gicas que definen el modelo de clasificaci\u00f3n de 3 ejes y su utilidad para predecir el riesgo quir\u00fargico individual","volume":"25","author":"Pascual","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"b35-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E13","article-title":"Development of intracranial approaches for craniopharyngiomas: an analysis of the first 160 historical procedures","volume":"36","author":"Pascual","year":"2014"},{"key":"b36-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"39","article-title":"Sir Victor Horsley: pioneer craniopharyngioma surgeon","volume":"123","author":"Pascual","year":"2015"},{"key":"b37-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1156","article-title":"Conquest of third ventricle craniopharyngiomas","volume":"112","author":"Pascual","year":"2010"},{"key":"b38-focus16304","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"459","article-title":"Jakob Erdheim (1874\u20131937) father of hypophyseal-duct tumors (craniopharyngiomas)","volume":"467","author":"Pascual","year":"2015"},{"key":"b39-focus16304","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"817","article-title":"Social and psycho-intellectual outcome following radical removal of craniopharyngiomas in childhood. A prospective series","volume":"21","author":"Pierre-Kahn","year":"2005"},{"key":"b40-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma recurrence: the impact of tumor topography","volume":"125","author":"Prieto","year":"2016"},{"key":"b41-focus16304","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e555","article-title":"Accurate craniopharyngioma topography for patient outcome improvement.","volume":"82","author":"Prieto","year":"2014"},{"key":"b42-focus16304","series-title":"Neuropathology","first-page":"682","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas with a mixed histological pattern: the missing link to the intriguing pathogenesis of adamantinomatous and squamous-papillary varieties?","volume":"33","author":"Prieto","year":"2013"},{"key":"b43-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg [in press]","article-title":"Norman M. Dott, master of hypothalamic craniopharyngioma surgery: the decisive mentoring of Harvey W. Cushing and Percival Bailey at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital.","author":"Prieto","year":"2016"},{"key":"b44-focus16304","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"500","article-title":"Optic chiasm distortions caused by craniopharyngiomas: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging correlation and influence on visual outcome","volume":"83","author":"Prieto","year":"2015"},{"key":"b45-focus16304","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"733","article-title":"Predictive factors for craniopharyngioma recurrence: a systematic review and illustrative case report of a rapid recurrence","volume":"79","author":"Prieto","year":"2013"},{"key":"b46-focus16304","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"785","article-title":"Anatomic relations of the arachnoidea around the pituitary stalk: relevance for surgical removal of craniopharyngiomas","volume":"153","author":"Qi","year":"2011"},{"key":"b47-focus16304","series-title":"Les craniopharyngiomes","first-page":"22","article-title":"\u00c9tude histopathologique","author":"Rougerie","year":"1962"},{"key":"b48-focus16304","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"151","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma: surgical experience of 309 cases in China","volume":"110","author":"Shi","year":"2008"},{"key":"b49-focus16304","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"188","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas: the subfrontal approach, or none at all?","volume":"27","author":"Shillito","year":"1980"},{"key":"b50-focus16304","series-title":"Principles of Neurological Surgery","first-page":"597","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas and suprasellar tumors","author":"Steno","year":"2013"},{"key":"b51-focus16304","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)","first-page":"94","article-title":"Microsurgical topography of craniopharyngiomas","volume":"35","author":"Steno","year":"1985"},{"key":"b52-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Tumor-third ventricular relationships in supradiaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas: correlation of morphological, magnetic resonance imaging, and operative findings","volume":"54","author":"Steno","year":"2004"},{"key":"b53-focus16304","series-title":"Operative Neurosurgical Techniques, Indications, Methods and Results","first-page":"291","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas, with a note on Rathke's cleft or epithelial cyst and on suprasellar cysts","author":"Sweet","year":"1988"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b54-focus16304","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"28","article-title":"History of surgery for craniopharyngiomas","volume":"21","author":"Sweet","year":"1994"},{"key":"b55-focus16304","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"729","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas in children: surgical experience at Children's Memorial Hospital","volume":"21","author":"Tomita","year":"2005"},{"key":"b56-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"3","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma in adults and children: a study of 122 surgical cases","volume":"97","author":"Van Effenterre","year":"2002"},{"key":"b57-focus16304","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"25","article-title":"Growth patterns of craniopharyngioma in children: role of the diaphragm sellae and its surgical implication","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2002"},{"key":"b58-focus16304","series-title":"Controversies in Pediatric Neurosurgery","first-page":"63","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma. Radical resection","author":"Wisoff","year":"2010"},{"key":"b59-focus16304","series-title":"Microneurosurgery","first-page":"205","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas","volume":"4B","author":"Ya\u015fargil","year":"1996"},{"key":"b60-focus16304","series-title":"Atlas of Gross Neurosurgical Pathology","first-page":"155","article-title":"Pineal and pituitary glands, craniopharyngeal duct: the craniopharyngiomas (hypophyseal duct tumors, Erdheim tumors, adamantinoma of pituitary region)","author":"Z\u00fclch","year":"1975"},{"key":"b1-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"12","article-title":"Correlation of clinical and pathological features in surgically treated craniopharyngiomas","volume":"73","author":"Adamson","year":"1990"},{"key":"b2-focus16304","series-title":"Intracranial Tumors of Infancy and Childhood","first-page":"349","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas","author":"Bailey","year":"1939"},{"key":"b3-focus16304","series-title":"Radiol Oncol","first-page":"266","article-title":"Early outcome in endoscopic extended endonasal approach for removal of supradiaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas: a case series and a comprehensive review","volume":"47","author":"Bosnjak","year":"2013"},{"key":"b4-focus16304","series-title":"Surgical Pathology of the Nervous System and Its Coverings","first-page":"475","article-title":"Region of the sella turcica. Craniopharyngiomas","author":"Burger","year":"2002"},{"key":"b5-focus16304","series-title":"Pituitary","first-page":"642","article-title":"The infundibulo-tuberal syndrome caused by craniopharyngiomas: clinicopathological evidence from an historical French cohort 1705\u20131973","volume":"18","author":"Castro-Dufourny","year":"2015"},{"key":"b6-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"27","article-title":"The endoscopic endonasal approach for the management of craniopharyngiomas involving the third ventricle","volume":"36","author":"Cavallo","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7-focus16304","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"169","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas: transsphenoidal method of approach\u2014for the virtuoso only?","volume":"27","author":"Ciric","year":"1980"},{"key":"b8-focus16304","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"437","article-title":"The pituitary adamantinomata","volume":"49","author":"Critchley","year":"1926"},{"key":"b9-focus16304","series-title":"Intracranial Tumors. Notes upon a series of two thousand verified cases with surgical-mortality percentages pertaining thereto","first-page":"93","article-title":"Congenital tumors: the craniopharyngiomas","author":"Cushing","year":"1932"},{"issue":"ONS Suppl 2","key":"b10-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS219","article-title":"Extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for extrasellar craniopharyngiomas.","volume":"61","author":"de Divitiis","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"73","article-title":"Management of childhood craniopharyngioma: can the morbidity of radical surgery be predicted?","volume":"85","author":"De Vile","year":"1996"},{"key":"b12-focus16304","series-title":"The Hypothalamus, Morphological, Functional, Clinical and Surgical Aspects","first-page":"131","article-title":"Surgical aspects of the hypothalamus","author":"Dott","year":"1938"},{"key":"b13-focus16304","series-title":"Sitzungsb Kais Akad Wissen Math Naturw Klin","first-page":"537","article-title":"\u00dcber Hypophysengangsgeschw\u00fclste und Hirncholesteatome","volume":"113","author":"Erdheim","year":"1904"},{"key":"b14-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"237","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: experience with 168 patients","volume":"90","author":"Fahlbusch","year":"1999"},{"key":"b15-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"47","article-title":"Aggressive surgical management of craniopharyngiomas in children","volume":"76","author":"Hoffman","year":"1992"},{"key":"b16-focus16304","series-title":"Correlative Neurosurgery","first-page":"168","article-title":"Tumors of the sellar region","author":"Kahn","year":"1955"},{"key":"b17-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"715","article-title":"Expanded endonasal approach, a fully endoscopic transnasal approach for the resection of midline suprasellar craniopharyngiomas: a new classification based on the infundibulum","volume":"108","author":"Kassam","year":"2008"},{"key":"b18-focus16304","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"39","article-title":"Pathological and clinical basis of the indications for treatment of craniopharyngiomas","volume":"21","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1981"},{"key":"b19-focus16304","series-title":"Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg","first-page":"281","article-title":"Operative management of craniopharyngiomas","volume":"8","author":"Konovalov","year":"1981"},{"key":"b20-focus16304","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"341","article-title":"[Operative procedures of craniopharyngioma estimated by autopsy findings (author's transl).]","volume":"20","author":"Kubota","year":"1980"},{"key":"b21-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"857","article-title":"Craniopharyngiomas of the third ventricle: translamina terminalis approach","volume":"47","author":"Maira","year":"2000"},{"key":"b22-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"715","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: an evaluation of the transsphenoidal and pterional approaches","volume":"36","author":"Maira","year":"1995"},{"issue":"5 Suppl Pediatrics","key":"b23-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"421","article-title":"Influence of tumor location on the presentation and evolution of craniopharyngiomas.","volume":"103","author":"Meuric","year":"2005"},{"key":"b24-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1350","article-title":"Neurosurgical treatment of craniopharyngioma in adults and children: early and long-term results in a large case series","volume":"114","author":"Mortini","year":"2011"},{"key":"b25-focus16304","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"293","article-title":"Rathke-pouch tumours","volume":"80","author":"Northfield","year":"1957"},{"key":"b26-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"418","article-title":"Growth patterns of craniopharyngiomas: clinical analysis of 226 patients","volume":"17","author":"Pan","year":"2016"},{"key":"b27-focus16304","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"773","article-title":"Intraventricular craniopharyngioma: morphological analysis and outcome evaluation of 17 cases","volume":"153","author":"Pan","year":"2011"},{"key":"b28-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma classification","volume":"109","author":"Pascual","year":"2008"},{"key":"b29-focus16304","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"785","article-title":"Intraventricular craniopharyngiomas: topographical classification and surgical approach selection based on an extensive overview","volume":"146","author":"Pascual","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"b30-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Harvey Cushing and pituitary Case Number 3 (Mary D.): the origin of this most baffling problem in neurosurgery","volume":"41","author":"Pascual","year":"2016"},{"key":"b31-focus16304","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2403","article-title":"Infundibulo-tuberal or not strictly intraventricular craniopharyngioma: evidence for a major topographical category","volume":"153","author":"Pascual","year":"2011"},{"key":"b32-focus16304","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"381","article-title":"Displacement of mammillary bodies by craniopharyngiomas involving the third ventricle: surgical-MRI correlation and use in topographical diagnosis","volume":"119","author":"Pascual","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"b33-focus16304","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"1","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma adherence to the hypothalamus.","volume":"37","author":"Pascual","year":"2014"},{"key":"b34-focus16304","series-title":"Neurocirugia (Astur)","first-page":"211","article-title":"Premio Sixto Obrador 2013. 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