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This study aimed to evaluate the use of a fully automatic segmentation method\u2014brain tumor image analysis (BraTumIA)\u2014for estimating the extent of resection (EOR) and residual tumor volume (RTV) of contrast-enhancing tumor after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The imaging data of 19 patients who underwent primary resection of histologically confirmed supratentorial glioblastoma were retrospectively reviewed. Contrast-enhancing tumors apparent on structural preoperative and immediate postoperative MR imaging in this patient cohort were segmented by 4 different raters and the automatic segmentation BraTumIA software. The manual and automatic results were quantitatively compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>First, the interrater variabilities in the estimates of EOR and RTV were assessed for all human raters. Interrater agreement in terms of the coefficient of concordance (W) was higher for RTV (W = 0.812; p &lt; 0.001) than for EOR (W = 0.775; p &lt; 0.001). Second, the volumetric estimates of BraTumIA for all 19 patients were compared with the estimates of the human raters, which showed that for both EOR (W = 0.713; p &lt; 0.001) and RTV (W = 0.693; p &lt; 0.001) the estimates of BraTumIA were generally located close to or between the estimates of the human raters. No statistically significant differences were detected between the manual and automatic estimates. BraTumIA showed a tendency to overestimate contrast-enhancing tumors, leading to moderate agreement with expert raters with respect to the literature-based, survival-relevant threshold values for EOR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>BraTumIA can generate volumetric estimates of EOR and RTV, in a fully automatic fashion, which are comparable to the estimates of human experts. However, automated analysis showed a tendency to overestimate the volume of a contrast-enhancing tumor, whereas manual analysis is prone to subjectivity, thereby causing considerable interrater variability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.jns16146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T15:01:14Z","timestamp":1483714874000},"page":"798-806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Automatic estimation of extent of resection and residual tumor volume of patients with glioblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Raphael","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Surgical Technology & Biomechanics, University of Bern;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Porz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern; and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urspeter","family":"Knecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Loosli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Schucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Slotboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Wiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Surgical Technology & Biomechanics, University of Bern;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-jns16146","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"45","article-title":"Early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging after resection of malignant glioma: objective evaluation of residual tumor and its influence on regrowth and prognosis","volume":"34","author":"Albert FK,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Albert FK, Forsting M, Sartor K, Adams HP, Kunze S: Early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging after resection of malignant glioma: objective evaluation of residual tumor and its influence on regrowth and prognosis. 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