{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:00:17Z","timestamp":1790834417170,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since Lynn and colleagues first described the use of focused ultrasound (FUS) waves for intracranial ablation in 1942, many strides have been made toward the treatment of several brain pathologies using this novel technology. In the modern era of minimal invasiveness, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) promises therapeutic utility for multiple neurosurgical applications, including treatment of tumors, stroke, epilepsy, and functional disorders. Although the use of HIFU as a potential therapeutic modality in the brain has been under study for several decades, relatively few neuroscientists, neurologists, or even neurosurgeons are familiar with it. In this extensive review, the authors intend to shed light on the current use of HIFU in different neurosurgical avenues and its mechanism of action, as well as provide an update on the outcome of various trials and advances expected from various preclinical studies in the near future. Although the initial technical challenges have been overcome and the technology has been improved, only very few clinical trials have thus far been carried out. The number of clinical trials related to neurological disorders is expected to increase in the coming years, as this novel therapeutic device appears to have a substantial expansive potential. There is great opportunity to expand the use of HIFU across various medical and surgical disciplines for the treatment of different pathologies. As this technology gains recognition, it will open the door for further research opportunities and innovation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.11.focus17610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T03:37:25Z","timestamp":1517456245000},"page":"E16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["High-intensity focused ultrasound: past, present, and future in neurosurgery"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Syed A.","family":"Quadri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Neuroscience, Thousand Oaks, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Waqas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Neuroscience, Thousand Oaks, California;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inamullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Adnan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Neuroscience, Thousand Oaks, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajid S.","family":"Suriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Neuroscience, Thousand Oaks, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudassir","family":"Farooqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Fiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Orthopedic and Neurosciences, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2170","article-title":"Ultrasound-enhanced systemic thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke","volume":"351","author":"Alexandrov AV","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alexandrov AV, Molina CA, Grotta JC, Garami Z, Ford SR, Alvarez-Sabin J, : Ultrasound-enhanced systemic thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. 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