{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:00:18Z","timestamp":1783774818570,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Although neurosurgical procedures are effective treatments for controlling involuntary tremor in patients with essential tremor (ET), they can cause cognitive decline, which can affect quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study is to assess the changes in the neuropsychological profile and QOL of patients following MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy for ET.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The authors prospectively analyzed 20 patients with ET who underwent unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy at their institute in the period from March 2012 to September 2014. Patients were regularly evaluated with the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST), neuroimaging, and cognition and QOL measures. The Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery was used to assess cognitive function, and the Quality of Life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST) was used to evaluate the postoperative change in QOL.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The total CRST score improved by 67.3% (from 44.75 \u00b1 9.57 to 14.65 \u00b1 9.19, p < 0.001) at 1 year following MRgFUS thalamotomy. Mean tremor scores improved by 68% in the hand contralateral to the thalamotomy, but there was no significant improvement in the ipsilateral hand. Although minimal cognitive decline was observed without statistical significance, memory function was much improved (p = 0.031). The total QUEST score also showed the same trend of improving (64.16 \u00b1 17.75 vs 27.38 \u00b1 13.96, p < 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n The authors report that MRgFUS thalamotomy had beneficial effects in terms of not only tremor control but also safety for cognitive function and QOL. Acceptable postoperative changes in cognition and much-improved QOL positively support the clinical significance of MRgFUS thalamotomy as a new, favorable surgical treatment in patients with ET.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.11.focus17625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T03:37:25Z","timestamp":1517456245000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Effects on cognition and quality of life with unilateral magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Na Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won Seok","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Ho","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Woo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"174","article-title":"Stereotactic ventral intermedial thalamotomy for the treatment of essential tremor: results of a series of 37 patients","volume":"72","author":"Akbostanci MC","year":"1999","unstructured":"Akbostanci MC, Slavin KV, Burchiel KJ: Stereotactic ventral intermedial thalamotomy for the treatment of essential tremor: results of a series of 37 patients. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 72:174\u2013177, 1999"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Scand J Psychol","first-page":"243","article-title":"Differences in verbally expressed cognition following left and right ventrolateral thalamotomy","volume":"10","author":"Almgren PE","year":"1969","unstructured":"Almgren PE, Andersson AL, Kullberg G: Differences in verbally expressed cognition following left and right ventrolateral thalamotomy. Scand J Psychol 10:243\u2013249, 1969"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"53","article-title":"Speech and language adverse effects after thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation in patients with movement disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Alomar S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alomar S, King NKK, Tam J, Bari AA, Hamani C, Lozano AM: Speech and language adverse effects after thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation in patients with movement disorders: a meta-analysis. Mov Disord 32:53\u201363, 2017"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"69","article-title":"Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in essential tremor","volume":"66","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benito-Le\u00f3n J, Louis ED, Bermejo-Pareja F: Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in essential tremor. Neurology 66:69\u201374, 2006"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"176","article-title":"Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in early Parkinson\u2019s disease (NEDICES)","volume":"310","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Benito-Le\u00f3n J, Louis ED, Posada IJ, S\u00e1nchez-Ferro \u00c1, Trincado R, Villarejo A, : Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in early Parkinson\u2019s disease (NEDICES). J Neurol Sci 310:176\u2013182, 2011"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"1573","article-title":"Risk of incident dementia in essential tremor: a population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Bermejo-Pareja F","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bermejo-Pareja F, Louis ED, Benito-Le\u00f3n J: Risk of incident dementia in essential tremor: a population-based study. Mov Disord 22:1573\u20131580, 2007"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"62","article-title":"Control of tremor and involuntary movement disorders by chronic stereotactic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus","volume":"77","author":"Blond S","year":"1992","unstructured":"Blond S, Caparros-Lefebvre D, Parker F, Assaker R, Petit H, Guieu JD, : Control of tremor and involuntary movement disorders by chronic stereotactic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus. J Neurosurg 77:62\u201368, 1992"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"154","article-title":"A randomized, sham-controlled trial of transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy trial for the treatment of tremor-dominant, idiopathic Parkinson disease","volume":"63","author":"Bond AE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bond AE, Dallapiazza R, Huss D, Warren AL, Sperling S, Gwinn R, : A randomized, sham-controlled trial of transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy trial for the treatment of tremor-dominant, idiopathic Parkinson disease. Neurosurgery 63 (Suppl 1):154, 2016 (Abstract)"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"BMC Neurol","first-page":"120","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor \u2013 patient satisfaction and mortality","volume":"14","author":"B\u00f8rretzen MN","year":"2014","unstructured":"B\u00f8rretzen MN, Bjerknes S, S\u00e6hle T, Skjelland M, Skogseid IM, Toft M, : Long-term follow-up of thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor \u2013 patient satisfaction and mortality. BMC Neurol 14:120, 2014"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord","first-page":"62","article-title":"Quality of life and its determinants in essential tremor","volume":"19","author":"Chandran V","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chandran V, Pal PK: Quality of life and its determinants in essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19:62\u201365, 2013"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"257","article-title":"Unilateral magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: practices and clinicoradiological outcomes","volume":"86","author":"Chang WS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang WS, Jung HH, Kweon EJ, Zadicario E, Rachmilevitch I, Chang JW: Unilateral magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: practices and clinicoradiological outcomes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 86:257\u2013264, 2015"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"275","article-title":"MR-guided focused ultrasound: a new generation treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease, essential tremor and neuropathic pain","volume":"20","author":"Dobrakowski PP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dobrakowski PP, Machowska-Majchrzak AK, Labuz-Roszak B, Majchrzak KG, Kluczewska E, Pierzcha\u0142a KB: MR-guided focused ultrasound: a new generation treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease, essential tremor and neuropathic pain. Interv Neuroradiol 20:275\u2013282, 2014"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"730","article-title":"A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor","volume":"375","author":"Elias WJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elias WJ, Lipsman N, Ondo WG, Ghanouni P, Kim YG, Lee W, : A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. N Engl J Med 375:730\u2013739, 2016"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"305","article-title":"Neuropsychological and quality of life outcomes 12 months after unilateral thalamic stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"74","author":"Fields JA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fields JA, Tr\u00f6ster AI, Woods SP, Higginson CI, Wilkinson SB, Lyons KE, : Neuropsychological and quality of life outcomes 12 months after unilateral thalamic stimulation for essential tremor. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:305\u2013311, 2003"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Nat Rev Neurol","first-page":"260","article-title":"Movement disorders: comparison of cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease and essential tremor","volume":"13","author":"Fyfe I","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fyfe I: Movement disorders: comparison of cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease and essential tremor. Nat Rev Neurol 13:260, 2017"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"150","article-title":"Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound: a review of the technologic and neurologic applications","volume":"205","author":"Ghanouni P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghanouni P, Pauly KB, Elias WJ, Henderson J, Sheehan J, Monteith S, : Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound: a review of the technologic and neurologic applications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 205:150\u2013159, 2015"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"78","article-title":"Assessment of ability\/disability in patients treated with chronic thalamic stimulation for tremor","volume":"13","author":"Hariz GM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hariz GM, Bergenheim AT, Hariz MI, Lindberg M: Assessment of ability\/disability in patients treated with chronic thalamic stimulation for tremor. Mov Disord 13:78\u201383, 1998"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"387","article-title":"Long-term effect of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor on activities of daily living and health-related quality of life","volume":"118","author":"Hariz GM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hariz GM, Blomstedt P, Koskinen LO: Long-term effect of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor on activities of daily living and health-related quality of life. Acta Neurol Scand 118:387\u2013394, 2008"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Cognitive effects of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: evaluation at 1 and 6 years","volume":"120","author":"Heber IA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heber IA, Coenen VA, Reetz K, Schulz JB, Hoellig A, Fimm B, : Cognitive effects of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: evaluation at 1 and 6 years. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 120:1569\u20131577, 2013"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Confin Neurol","first-page":"197","article-title":"The effects of destructive lesions and stimulation of the basal ganglia on speech mechanisms","volume":"27","author":"Hermann K","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hermann K, Turner JW, Gillingham FJ, Gaze RM: The effects of destructive lesions and stimulation of the basal ganglia on speech mechanisms. Confin Neurol 27:197\u2013207, 1966"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Brain Cogn","first-page":"231","article-title":"Neurocognitive correlates of stereotactic thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation in Parkinsonian patients","volume":"42","author":"Hugdahl K","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hugdahl K, Wester K: Neurocognitive correlates of stereotactic thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation in Parkinsonian patients. Brain Cogn 42:231\u2013252, 2000"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"1937","article-title":"Functional assessment and quality of life in essential tremor with bilateral or unilateral DBS and focused ultrasound thalamotomy","volume":"30","author":"Huss DS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huss DS, Dallapiazza RF, Shah BB, Harrison MB, Diamond J, Elias WJ: Functional assessment and quality of life in essential tremor with bilateral or unilateral DBS and focused ultrasound thalamotomy. Mov Disord 30:1937\u20131943, 2015"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"846","article-title":"Psychological changes correlated with thalamotomy site","volume":"36","author":"Jurko MF","year":"1973","unstructured":"Jurko MF, Andy OJ: Psychological changes correlated with thalamotomy site. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 36:846\u2013852, 1973"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"279","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for essential tremor","volume":"95","author":"Kim M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim M, Jung NY, Park CK, Chang WS, Jung HH, Chang JW: Comparative evaluation of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for essential tremor. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 95:279\u2013286, 2017"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Hum Brain Mapp","first-page":"896","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter involvement in essential tremor","volume":"32","author":"Klein JC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klein JC, Lorenz B, Kang JS, Baudrexel S, Seifried C, van de Loo S, : Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter involvement in essential tremor. Hum Brain Mapp 32:896\u2013904, 2011"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"47","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for control of tremors in Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor","volume":"72","author":"Kumar K","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kumar K, Kelly M, Toth C: Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for control of tremors in Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 72:47\u201361, 1999"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"707","article-title":"Thalamic stimulation for tremor. Subtle changes in episodic memory are related to stimulation per se and not to a microthalamotomy effect","volume":"250","author":"Loher TJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Loher TJ, Gutbrod K, Fravi NL, Pohle T, Burgunder JM, Krauss JK: Thalamic stimulation for tremor. Subtle changes in episodic memory are related to stimulation per se and not to a microthalamotomy effect. J Neurol 250:707\u2013713, 2003"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"785","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in patients with essential tremor","volume":"57","author":"Lombardi WJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lombardi WJ, Woolston DJ, Roberts JW, Gross RE: Cognitive deficits in patients with essential tremor. Neurology 57:785\u2013790, 2001"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"44","article-title":"Changes in cognition and health-related quality of life with unilateral thalamotomy for Parkinsonian tremor","volume":"16","author":"Nijhawan SR","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nijhawan SR, Banks SJ, Aziz TZ, Panourias I, Gregory R, Yianni J, : Changes in cognition and health-related quality of life with unilateral thalamotomy for Parkinsonian tremor. J Clin Neurosci 16:44\u201350, 2009"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"769","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for essential tremor: retrospective analysis of a 19-year experience","volume":"32","author":"Niranjan A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Niranjan A, Raju SS, Kooshkabadi A, Monaco E III, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD: Stereotactic radiosurgery for essential tremor: retrospective analysis of a 19-year experience. Mov Disord 32:769\u2013777, 2017"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"189","article-title":"Speech disturbances following stereotaxic surgery in ventrolateral thalamus","volume":"3","author":"Petrovici JN","year":"1980","unstructured":"Petrovici JN: Speech disturbances following stereotaxic surgery in ventrolateral thalamus. Neurosurg Rev 3:189\u2013195, 1980"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract","first-page":"567","article-title":"Long-term thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: clinical outcome and stimulation parameters","volume":"3","author":"Rodr\u00edguez Cruz PM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez Cruz PM, Vargas A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Carballal C, Garbizu J, De La Casa-Fages B, Grandas F: Long-term thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: clinical outcome and stimulation parameters. Mov Disord Clin Pract 3:567\u2013572, 2016"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"393","article-title":"Cognition in non-demented Parkinson\u2019s disease vs essential tremor: a population-based study","volume":"136","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Ferro \u00c1, Benito-Le\u00f3n J","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Ferro \u00c1, Benito-Le\u00f3n J, Louis ED, Contador I, Hern\u00e1ndez-Gallego J, Puertas-Mart\u00edn V, : Cognition in non-demented Parkinson\u2019s disease vs essential tremor: a population-based study. Acta Neurol Scand 136:393\u2013400, 2017"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1232","article-title":"A comparison of neuropsychological effects of thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation","volume":"59","author":"Schuurman PR","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schuurman PR, Bruins J, Merkus MP, Bosch DA, Speelman JD: A comparison of neuropsychological effects of thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation. Neurology 59:1232\u20131239, 2002"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"b35","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"S84","article-title":"Stereotactic neurosurgery for tremor","volume":"17","author":"Speelman JD","year":"2002","unstructured":"Speelman JD, Schuurman R, de Bie RM, Esselink RA, Bosch DA: Stereotactic neurosurgery for tremor. Mov Disord 17 (Suppl 3):S84\u2013S88, 2002"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"833","article-title":"Assessment of interrater and intrarater reliability of the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale in essential tremor","volume":"22","author":"Stacy MA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stacy MA, Elble RJ, Ondo WG, Wu SC, Hulihan J: Assessment of interrater and intrarater reliability of the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale in essential tremor. Mov Disord 22:833\u2013838, 2007"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"621","article-title":"Essential tremor is associated with dementia: prospective population-based study in New York","volume":"73","author":"Thawani SP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thawani SP, Schupf N, Louis ED: Essential tremor is associated with dementia: prospective population-based study in New York. Neurology 73:621\u2013625, 2009"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1774","article-title":"Neuropsychological and quality of life outcome after thalamic stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"53","author":"Tr\u00f6ster AI","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tr\u00f6ster AI, Fields JA, Pahwa R, Wilkinson SB, Strait-Tr\u00f6ster KA, Lyons K, : Neuropsychological and quality of life outcome after thalamic stimulation for essential tremor. Neurology 53:1774\u20131780, 1999"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord","first-page":"367","article-title":"Quality of life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST): development and initial validation","volume":"11","author":"Tr\u00f6ster AI","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tr\u00f6ster AI, Pahwa R, Fields JA, Tanner CM, Lyons KE: Quality of life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST): development and initial validation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 11:367\u2013373, 2005"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"80","article-title":"Thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation: effects on cognition","volume":"69","author":"Wester K","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wester K, Hugdahl K: Thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation: effects on cognition. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 69:80\u201385, 1997"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1562","article-title":"A prospective single-blind study of Gamma Knife thalamotomy for tremor","volume":"85","author":"Witjas T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Witjas T, Carron R, Krack P, Eusebio A, Vaugoyeau M, Hariz M, : A prospective single-blind study of Gamma Knife thalamotomy for tremor. Neurology 85:1562\u20131568, 2015"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg","article-title":"Magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor: a report of 30 Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor cases","author":"Zaaroor M","unstructured":"Zaaroor M, Sinai A, Goldsher D, Eran A, Nassar M, Schlesinger I: Magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor: a report of 30 Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor cases. J Neurosurg [epub ahead of print February 24, 2017. DOI: 10.3171\/2016.10.JNS16758]"},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"174","article-title":"Stereotactic ventral intermedial thalamotomy for the treatment of essential tremor: results of a series of 37 patients","volume":"72","author":"Akbostanci MC","year":"1999","unstructured":"Akbostanci MC, Slavin KV, Burchiel KJ: Stereotactic ventral intermedial thalamotomy for the treatment of essential tremor: results of a series of 37 patients. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 72:174\u2013177, 1999"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Scand J Psychol","first-page":"243","article-title":"Differences in verbally expressed cognition following left and right ventrolateral thalamotomy","volume":"10","author":"Almgren PE","year":"1969","unstructured":"Almgren PE, Andersson AL, Kullberg G: Differences in verbally expressed cognition following left and right ventrolateral thalamotomy. Scand J Psychol 10:243\u2013249, 1969"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"53","article-title":"Speech and language adverse effects after thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation in patients with movement disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Alomar S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alomar S, King NKK, Tam J, Bari AA, Hamani C, Lozano AM: Speech and language adverse effects after thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation in patients with movement disorders: a meta-analysis. Mov Disord 32:53\u201363, 2017"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"69","article-title":"Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in essential tremor","volume":"66","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benito-Le\u00f3n J, Louis ED, Bermejo-Pareja F: Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in essential tremor. Neurology 66:69\u201374, 2006"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"176","article-title":"Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in early Parkinson\u2019s disease (NEDICES)","volume":"310","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Benito-Le\u00f3n J, Louis ED, Posada IJ, S\u00e1nchez-Ferro \u00c1, Trincado R, Villarejo A, : Population-based case-control study of cognitive function in early Parkinson\u2019s disease (NEDICES). J Neurol Sci 310:176\u2013182, 2011"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"1573","article-title":"Risk of incident dementia in essential tremor: a population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Bermejo-Pareja F","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bermejo-Pareja F, Louis ED, Benito-Le\u00f3n J: Risk of incident dementia in essential tremor: a population-based study. Mov Disord 22:1573\u20131580, 2007"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"62","article-title":"Control of tremor and involuntary movement disorders by chronic stereotactic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus","volume":"77","author":"Blond S","year":"1992","unstructured":"Blond S, Caparros-Lefebvre D, Parker F, Assaker R, Petit H, Guieu JD, : Control of tremor and involuntary movement disorders by chronic stereotactic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus. J Neurosurg 77:62\u201368, 1992"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"154","article-title":"A randomized, sham-controlled trial of transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy trial for the treatment of tremor-dominant, idiopathic Parkinson disease","volume":"63","author":"Bond AE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bond AE, Dallapiazza R, Huss D, Warren AL, Sperling S, Gwinn R, : A randomized, sham-controlled trial of transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy trial for the treatment of tremor-dominant, idiopathic Parkinson disease. Neurosurgery 63 (Suppl 1):154, 2016 (Abstract)"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"BMC Neurol","first-page":"120","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor \u2013 patient satisfaction and mortality","volume":"14","author":"B\u00f8rretzen MN","year":"2014","unstructured":"B\u00f8rretzen MN, Bjerknes S, S\u00e6hle T, Skjelland M, Skogseid IM, Toft M, : Long-term follow-up of thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor \u2013 patient satisfaction and mortality. BMC Neurol 14:120, 2014"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord","first-page":"62","article-title":"Quality of life and its determinants in essential tremor","volume":"19","author":"Chandran V","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chandran V, Pal PK: Quality of life and its determinants in essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19:62\u201365, 2013"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"257","article-title":"Unilateral magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: practices and clinicoradiological outcomes","volume":"86","author":"Chang WS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang WS, Jung HH, Kweon EJ, Zadicario E, Rachmilevitch I, Chang JW: Unilateral magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: practices and clinicoradiological outcomes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 86:257\u2013264, 2015"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"275","article-title":"MR-guided focused ultrasound: a new generation treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease, essential tremor and neuropathic pain","volume":"20","author":"Dobrakowski PP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dobrakowski PP, Machowska-Majchrzak AK, Labuz-Roszak B, Majchrzak KG, Kluczewska E, Pierzcha\u0142a KB: MR-guided focused ultrasound: a new generation treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease, essential tremor and neuropathic pain. Interv Neuroradiol 20:275\u2013282, 2014"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"730","article-title":"A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor","volume":"375","author":"Elias WJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elias WJ, Lipsman N, Ondo WG, Ghanouni P, Kim YG, Lee W, : A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. N Engl J Med 375:730\u2013739, 2016"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"305","article-title":"Neuropsychological and quality of life outcomes 12 months after unilateral thalamic stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"74","author":"Fields JA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fields JA, Tr\u00f6ster AI, Woods SP, Higginson CI, Wilkinson SB, Lyons KE, : Neuropsychological and quality of life outcomes 12 months after unilateral thalamic stimulation for essential tremor. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:305\u2013311, 2003"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Nat Rev Neurol","first-page":"260","article-title":"Movement disorders: comparison of cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease and essential tremor","volume":"13","author":"Fyfe I","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fyfe I: Movement disorders: comparison of cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease and essential tremor. Nat Rev Neurol 13:260, 2017"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"150","article-title":"Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound: a review of the technologic and neurologic applications","volume":"205","author":"Ghanouni P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghanouni P, Pauly KB, Elias WJ, Henderson J, Sheehan J, Monteith S, : Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound: a review of the technologic and neurologic applications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 205:150\u2013159, 2015"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"78","article-title":"Assessment of ability\/disability in patients treated with chronic thalamic stimulation for tremor","volume":"13","author":"Hariz GM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hariz GM, Bergenheim AT, Hariz MI, Lindberg M: Assessment of ability\/disability in patients treated with chronic thalamic stimulation for tremor. Mov Disord 13:78\u201383, 1998"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"387","article-title":"Long-term effect of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor on activities of daily living and health-related quality of life","volume":"118","author":"Hariz GM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hariz GM, Blomstedt P, Koskinen LO: Long-term effect of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor on activities of daily living and health-related quality of life. Acta Neurol Scand 118:387\u2013394, 2008"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Cognitive effects of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: evaluation at 1 and 6 years","volume":"120","author":"Heber IA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heber IA, Coenen VA, Reetz K, Schulz JB, Hoellig A, Fimm B, : Cognitive effects of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: evaluation at 1 and 6 years. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 120:1569\u20131577, 2013"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Confin Neurol","first-page":"197","article-title":"The effects of destructive lesions and stimulation of the basal ganglia on speech mechanisms","volume":"27","author":"Hermann K","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hermann K, Turner JW, Gillingham FJ, Gaze RM: The effects of destructive lesions and stimulation of the basal ganglia on speech mechanisms. Confin Neurol 27:197\u2013207, 1966"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Brain Cogn","first-page":"231","article-title":"Neurocognitive correlates of stereotactic thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation in Parkinsonian patients","volume":"42","author":"Hugdahl K","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hugdahl K, Wester K: Neurocognitive correlates of stereotactic thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation in Parkinsonian patients. Brain Cogn 42:231\u2013252, 2000"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"1937","article-title":"Functional assessment and quality of life in essential tremor with bilateral or unilateral DBS and focused ultrasound thalamotomy","volume":"30","author":"Huss DS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huss DS, Dallapiazza RF, Shah BB, Harrison MB, Diamond J, Elias WJ: Functional assessment and quality of life in essential tremor with bilateral or unilateral DBS and focused ultrasound thalamotomy. Mov Disord 30:1937\u20131943, 2015"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"846","article-title":"Psychological changes correlated with thalamotomy site","volume":"36","author":"Jurko MF","year":"1973","unstructured":"Jurko MF, Andy OJ: Psychological changes correlated with thalamotomy site. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 36:846\u2013852, 1973"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"279","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for essential tremor","volume":"95","author":"Kim M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim M, Jung NY, Park CK, Chang WS, Jung HH, Chang JW: Comparative evaluation of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for essential tremor. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 95:279\u2013286, 2017"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Hum Brain Mapp","first-page":"896","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter involvement in essential tremor","volume":"32","author":"Klein JC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klein JC, Lorenz B, Kang JS, Baudrexel S, Seifried C, van de Loo S, : Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter involvement in essential tremor. Hum Brain Mapp 32:896\u2013904, 2011"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"47","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for control of tremors in Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor","volume":"72","author":"Kumar K","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kumar K, Kelly M, Toth C: Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for control of tremors in Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 72:47\u201361, 1999"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"707","article-title":"Thalamic stimulation for tremor. Subtle changes in episodic memory are related to stimulation per se and not to a microthalamotomy effect","volume":"250","author":"Loher TJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Loher TJ, Gutbrod K, Fravi NL, Pohle T, Burgunder JM, Krauss JK: Thalamic stimulation for tremor. Subtle changes in episodic memory are related to stimulation per se and not to a microthalamotomy effect. J Neurol 250:707\u2013713, 2003"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"785","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in patients with essential tremor","volume":"57","author":"Lombardi WJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lombardi WJ, Woolston DJ, Roberts JW, Gross RE: Cognitive deficits in patients with essential tremor. Neurology 57:785\u2013790, 2001"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"44","article-title":"Changes in cognition and health-related quality of life with unilateral thalamotomy for Parkinsonian tremor","volume":"16","author":"Nijhawan SR","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nijhawan SR, Banks SJ, Aziz TZ, Panourias I, Gregory R, Yianni J, : Changes in cognition and health-related quality of life with unilateral thalamotomy for Parkinsonian tremor. J Clin Neurosci 16:44\u201350, 2009"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"769","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for essential tremor: retrospective analysis of a 19-year experience","volume":"32","author":"Niranjan A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Niranjan A, Raju SS, Kooshkabadi A, Monaco E III, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD: Stereotactic radiosurgery for essential tremor: retrospective analysis of a 19-year experience. Mov Disord 32:769\u2013777, 2017"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"189","article-title":"Speech disturbances following stereotaxic surgery in ventrolateral thalamus","volume":"3","author":"Petrovici JN","year":"1980","unstructured":"Petrovici JN: Speech disturbances following stereotaxic surgery in ventrolateral thalamus. Neurosurg Rev 3:189\u2013195, 1980"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract","first-page":"567","article-title":"Long-term thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: clinical outcome and stimulation parameters","volume":"3","author":"Rodr\u00edguez Cruz PM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez Cruz PM, Vargas A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Carballal C, Garbizu J, De La Casa-Fages B, Grandas F: Long-term thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: clinical outcome and stimulation parameters. Mov Disord Clin Pract 3:567\u2013572, 2016"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"393","article-title":"Cognition in non-demented Parkinson\u2019s disease vs essential tremor: a population-based study","volume":"136","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Ferro \u00c1, Benito-Le\u00f3n J","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Ferro \u00c1, Benito-Le\u00f3n J, Louis ED, Contador I, Hern\u00e1ndez-Gallego J, Puertas-Mart\u00edn V, : Cognition in non-demented Parkinson\u2019s disease vs essential tremor: a population-based study. Acta Neurol Scand 136:393\u2013400, 2017"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1232","article-title":"A comparison of neuropsychological effects of thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation","volume":"59","author":"Schuurman PR","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schuurman PR, Bruins J, Merkus MP, Bosch DA, Speelman JD: A comparison of neuropsychological effects of thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation. Neurology 59:1232\u20131239, 2002"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"b35","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"S84","article-title":"Stereotactic neurosurgery for tremor","volume":"17","author":"Speelman JD","year":"2002","unstructured":"Speelman JD, Schuurman R, de Bie RM, Esselink RA, Bosch DA: Stereotactic neurosurgery for tremor. Mov Disord 17 (Suppl 3):S84\u2013S88, 2002"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"833","article-title":"Assessment of interrater and intrarater reliability of the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale in essential tremor","volume":"22","author":"Stacy MA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stacy MA, Elble RJ, Ondo WG, Wu SC, Hulihan J: Assessment of interrater and intrarater reliability of the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale in essential tremor. Mov Disord 22:833\u2013838, 2007"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"621","article-title":"Essential tremor is associated with dementia: prospective population-based study in New York","volume":"73","author":"Thawani SP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thawani SP, Schupf N, Louis ED: Essential tremor is associated with dementia: prospective population-based study in New York. Neurology 73:621\u2013625, 2009"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1774","article-title":"Neuropsychological and quality of life outcome after thalamic stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"53","author":"Tr\u00f6ster AI","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tr\u00f6ster AI, Fields JA, Pahwa R, Wilkinson SB, Strait-Tr\u00f6ster KA, Lyons K, : Neuropsychological and quality of life outcome after thalamic stimulation for essential tremor. Neurology 53:1774\u20131780, 1999"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord","first-page":"367","article-title":"Quality of life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST): development and initial validation","volume":"11","author":"Tr\u00f6ster AI","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tr\u00f6ster AI, Pahwa R, Fields JA, Tanner CM, Lyons KE: Quality of life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST): development and initial validation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 11:367\u2013373, 2005"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"80","article-title":"Thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation: effects on cognition","volume":"69","author":"Wester K","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wester K, Hugdahl K: Thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation: effects on cognition. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 69:80\u201385, 1997"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1562","article-title":"A prospective single-blind study of Gamma Knife thalamotomy for tremor","volume":"85","author":"Witjas T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Witjas T, Carron R, Krack P, Eusebio A, Vaugoyeau M, Hariz M, : A prospective single-blind study of Gamma Knife thalamotomy for tremor. Neurology 85:1562\u20131568, 2015"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg","article-title":"Magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor: a report of 30 Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor cases","author":"Zaaroor M","unstructured":"Zaaroor M, Sinai A, Goldsher D, Eran A, Nassar M, Schlesinger I: Magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor: a report of 30 Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor cases. J Neurosurg [epub ahead of print February 24, 2017. DOI: 10.3171\/2016.10.JNS16758]"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/44\/2\/article-pE8.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/44\/2\/article-pE8.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/44\/2\/article-pE8.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:24:29Z","timestamp":1780129469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/44\/2\/article-pE8.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.11.focus17625","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}}}