{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T02:36:45Z","timestamp":1788575805713,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies have investigated the role of spinal image guidance for pedicle screw placement. Many authors have observed an elevated placement accuracy and overall improvement of outcome measures. This study assessed a bi-institutional experience following introduction of the Renaissance miniature robot for spinal image guidance in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records and radiographs of all patients who underwent robot-guided implantation of spinal instrumentation using the novel system (between October 2011 and March 2015 in Mainz and February 2014 and February 2016 in Regensburg) were reviewed to determine the efficacy and safety of the newly introduced robotic system. Screw position accuracy, complications, exposure durations to intraoperative radiation, and reoperation rate were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 413 surgeries that used robotic guidance, 406 were via a minimally invasive approach. In 7 cases the surgeon switched to conventional screw placement, using a midline approach, due to referencing problems. A total of 2067 screws were implanted using robotic guidance, and 1857 screws were evaluated by postoperative CT. Of the 1857 screws, 1799 (96.9%) were classified as having an acceptable or good position, whereas 38 screws (2%) showed deviations of 3\u20136 mm and 20 screws (1.1%) had deviations &gt; 6 mm. Nine misplaced screws, implanted in 7 patients, required revision surgery, yielding a screw revision rate of 0.48% of the screws and 7 of 406 (1.7%) of the patients. The mean \u00b1 SD per-patient intraoperative fluoroscopy exposure was 114.4 (\u00b1 72.5) seconds for 5.1 screws on average and any further procedure required. Perioperative and direct postoperative complications included hemorrhage (2 patients, 0.49%) and wound infections necessitating surgical revision (20 patients, 4.9%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The hexapod miniature robotic device proved to be a safe and robust instrument in all situations, including those in which patients were treated on an emergency basis. Placement accuracy was high; peri- and early postoperative complication rates were found to be lower than rates published in other series of percutaneous screw placement techniques. Intraoperative radiation exposure was found to be comparable to published values for other minimally invasive and conventional approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.2.focus16552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T15:57:03Z","timestamp":1493740623000},"page":"E11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Evaluation of robot-guided minimally invasive implantation of 2067 pedicle screws"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Naureen","family":"Keric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Doenitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Haj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Rachwal-Czyzewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Centre, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Renovanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik M. 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