{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:24:24Z","timestamp":1776939864810,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adverse events related to shunt surgery are common and might have a negative effect on outcome in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). The authors\u2019 objectives were to establish the frequencies of epilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain and determine their impact on patient quality of life (QOL), in long-term follow-up after shunt surgery for INPH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred seventy-six shunt-treated patients with INPH (mean age 74 years) and 368 age- and sex-matched controls from the population were included. The mean follow-up time after surgery was 21 months (range 6\u201345 months). Each participant answered a questionnaire regarding present frequency and severity of headache and abdominal pain. Confirmed diagnoses of epilepsy and all prescriptions for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) before and after shunt surgery for INPH were gathered from national registries. Equivalent presurgical and postsurgical time periods were constructed for the controls based on the date of surgery (the division date for controls is referred to as virtual surgery). All registry data covered a mean period of 6 years (range 3\u20138 years) before surgery\/virtual surgery and 4 years (range 2\u20136 years) after surgery\/virtual surgery. Provoked epileptic seizures were excluded. Patient QOL was assessed with the EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level instrument.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epilepsy was more common in shunt-treated patients with INPH than in controls (4.5% vs 1.1%, respectively; p = 0.023), as was treatment with AEDs (14.8% vs 7.3%, respectively; p = 0.010). No difference was found between the populations before surgery\/virtual surgery (epilepsy, 2.3% [INPH] vs 1.1% [control], p = 0.280; AED treatment, 8.5% [INPH] vs 5.4% [control], p = 0.235). New-onset epilepsy and new AED treatment after surgery\/virtual surgery were more common in INPH (epilepsy, 2.3% [INPH] vs 0.0% [control], p = 0.011; AED, 8.5% [INPH] vs 3.3% [control], p = 0.015). At follow-up, more patients with INPH than controls experienced headache several times per month or more often (36.1% vs 11.6%, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). Patients with INPH and unilateral headache had more right-sided headaches than controls (p = 0.038). Postural headache was experienced by 16% (n = 27 of 169) of the patients with INPH. Twenty percent (n = 35) of the patients with INPH had persistent abdominal pain. Headache was not correlated to lower QOL. The study was underpowered to draw conclusions regarding QOL in patients with INPH who had epilepsy and abdominal pain, but the finding of no net difference in mean QOL indicates that no correlation between them existed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain are common in long-term follow-up in patients after shunt surgery for INPH and are more common among patients with INPH than in the general population. All adverse events, including mild and moderate ones, should be considered during postoperative follow-ups and in the development of new methods for shunt placement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.3.jns162453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T13:58:47Z","timestamp":1504879127000},"page":"1674-1683","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Epilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain after shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: the INPH-CRasH study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Jenny","family":"Larsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Israelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Sciences, Ume\u00e5 University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Malm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.52.3.0371","article-title":"Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. 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