{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T08:19:43Z","timestamp":1769501983395,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thalamopeduncular tumors are a group of pediatric low-grade gliomas that arise at the interface of the thalamus and brainstem peduncle. They typically occur within the first 2 decades of life, presenting with progressive spastic hemiparesis. Treatment strategies, including surgical intervention, have varied significantly. The authors present their experience in the treatment of 13 children, ages 2\u201315 years, with non-neurofibromatosis\u2013related pilocytic astrocytomas located in the thalamopeduncular region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 2003 and 2016, 13 children presenting with progressive spastic hemiparesis due to a pilocytic astrocytoma at the interface of the thalamus and cerebral peduncles were identified. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for clinical, radiological, pathological, and surgical data. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was obtained for 12 cases and tested for <jats:italic>KIAA1549-BRAF<\/jats:italic> fusion and <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> V600E point mutation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>On preoperative diffusion tensor imaging tractography (performed in 12 patients), the ipsilateral corticospinal tract was displaced laterally in 1 case (8.3%), medially in 1 case (8.3%), anterolaterally in 10 cases (83%), and posteriorly in no cases. Ten patients underwent resection via a transtemporal, transchoroidal approach, which was chosen to avoid further damage to motor function in cases of tumors that caused anterolateral or medial corticospinal tract displacement. With this approach, complications included hemianopia, oculomotor palsy, and tremor at a rate of 50%. Among the 12 patients with obtainable follow-up (mean 50.9 months), none received adjuvant therapy, and only 2 (17%) experienced recurrence or progression. <jats:italic>KIAA1549-BRAF<\/jats:italic> fusions were present in 10 cases (83%), while <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> V600E was absent (0%). The 2 fusion-negative tumors had clinical features atypical for the series, including multi-focality and infiltration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcortical, transchoroidal resection of thalamopeduncular tumors through the middle temporal gyrus allows for a high rate of gross-total resection and cure. Diffuse tensor tractography is a critical component of the preoperative planning process to determine the location of white matter tracts in proximity. Molecular status may correlate with clinical features, and the presence of <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> lesions offers an additional target for future novel therapeutics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.4.peds16668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]],"date-time":"2017-07-07T14:02:01Z","timestamp":1499436121000},"page":"247-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Surgical and molecular considerations in the treatment of pediatric thalamopeduncular tumors"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ryan P.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital;"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jock C.","family":"Lillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Klimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital;"},{"name":"Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Ellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick A.","family":"Boop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital;"},{"name":"Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noq178","article-title":"Survival and long-term health and cognitive outcomes after low-grade glioma","volume":"13","author":"Armstrong GT","year":"2011","unstructured":"Armstrong GT, Conklin HM, Huang S, Srivastava D, Sanford R, Ellison DW, : Survival and long-term health and cognitive outcomes after low-grade glioma. Neuro Oncol 13:223\u2013234, 201110.1093\/neuonc\/noq17821177781"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.61.4.0649","article-title":"Thalamic tumors in children. Long-term follow-up and treatment guidelines","volume":"61","author":"Bernstein M","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bernstein M, Hoffman HJ, Halliday WC, Hendrick EB, Humphreys RP: Thalamic tumors in children. Long-term follow-up and treatment guidelines. J Neurosurg 61:649\u2013656, 1984608873010.3171\/jns.1984.61.4.0649"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.34.5843","article-title":"Phase II study of weekly vinblastine in recurrent or refractory pediatric low-grade glioma","volume":"30","author":"Bouffet E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bouffet E, Jakacki R, Goldman S, Hargrave D, Hawkins C, Shroff M, : Phase II study of weekly vinblastine in recurrent or refractory pediatric low-grade glioma. J Clin Oncol 30:1358\u20131363, 20122239308610.1200\/JCO.2011.34.5843"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.4.PEDS119","article-title":"Surgical management of tumors producing the thalamopeduncular syndrome of childhood","volume":"7","author":"Broadway SJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Broadway SJ, Ogg RJ, Scoggins MA, Sanford R, Patay Z, Boop FA: Surgical management of tumors producing the thalamopeduncular syndrome of childhood. J Neurosurg Pediatr 7:589\u2013595, 201110.3171\/2011.4.PEDS11921631193"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.06.049","article-title":"Role of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring in the resection of thalamic astrocytomas","volume":"94","author":"Carrabba G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carrabba G, Bertani G, Cogiamanian F, Ardolino G, Zarino B, Di Cristofori A, : Role of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring in the resection of thalamic astrocytomas. World Neurosurg 94:50\u201356, 201610.1016\/j.wneu.2016.06.04927338215"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0817-z","article-title":"Oncogenic FAM131B-BRAF fusion resulting from 7q34 deletion comprises an alternative mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in pilocytic astrocytoma","volume":"121","author":"Cin H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cin H, Meyer C, Herr R, Janzarik WG, Lambert S, Jones DT, : Oncogenic FAM131B-BRAF fusion resulting from 7q34 deletion comprises an alternative mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in pilocytic astrocytoma. Acta Neuropathol 121:763\u2013774, 20112142453010.1007\/s00401-011-0817-z"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050128","article-title":"Thalamic tumors in children","volume":"13","author":"Cuccia V","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cuccia V, Monges J: Thalamic tumors in children. Childs Nerv Syst 13:514\u2013521, 1997940319810.1007\/s003810050128"},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.15.1.4","article-title":"A primer on diffusion tensor imaging of anatomical substructures","volume":"15","author":"DaSilva AF","year":"2003","unstructured":"DaSilva AF, Tuch DS, Wiegell MR, Hadjikhani N: A primer on diffusion tensor imaging of anatomical substructures. Neurosurg Focus 15(1):E4, 20031535500610.3171\/foc.2003.15.1.4"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noq007","article-title":"Activating mutations in BRAF characterize a spectrum of pediatric low-grade gliomas","volume":"12","author":"Dougherty MJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dougherty MJ, Santi M, Brose MS, Ma C, Resnick AC, Sievert AJ, : Activating mutations in BRAF characterize a spectrum of pediatric low-grade gliomas. Neuro Oncol 12:621\u2013630, 20102015680910.1093\/neuonc\/noq007"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Intracranial Tumors in Infancy and Childhood","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_159149","article-title":"Intrinsic brain stem tumors of childhood","author":"Epstein F","year":"1987","unstructured":"Epstein F: Intrinsic brain stem tumors of childhood, in Kageyama N, Takakura K, Epstein FJ, et al (eds): Intracranial Tumors in Infancy and Childhood. Basel: Karger, 1987, pp 160\u201316910.1200\/EDBK_159149"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.78.3.0408","article-title":"Brain-stem glioma growth patterns","volume":"78","author":"Epstein FJ","year":"1993","unstructured":"Epstein FJ, Farmer JP: Brain-stem glioma growth patterns. J Neurosurg 78:408\u2013412, 199310.3171\/jns.1993.78.3.04088433142"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos202","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of the multicenter, multidisciplinary treatment study HIT-LGG-1996 for low-grade glioma in children and adolescents of the German Speaking Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology","volume":"14","author":"Gnekow AK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gnekow AK, Falkenstein F, von Hornstein S, Zwiener I, Berkefeld S, Bison B, : Long-term follow-up of the multicenter, multidisciplinary treatment study HIT-LGG-1996 for low-grade glioma in children and adolescents of the German Speaking Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology. Neuro Oncol 14:1265\u20131284, 20122294218610.1093\/neuonc\/nos202"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19871215)60:12<2901::AID-CNCR2820601210>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Irradiation of primary thalamic and brainstem tumors in a pediatric population. A 33-year experience","volume":"60","author":"Grigsby PW","year":"1987","unstructured":"Grigsby PW, Thomas PRM, Schwartz HG, Fineberg B: Irradiation of primary thalamic and brainstem tumors in a pediatric population. A 33-year experience. Cancer 60:2901\u20132906, 198710.1002\/1097-0142(19871215)60:12<2901::AID-CNCR2820601210>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-2006-030","article-title":"Temozolomide in children with progressive low-grade glioma","volume":"9","author":"Gururangan S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gururangan S, Fisher MJ, Allen JC, Herndon JE II, Quinn JA, Reardon DA, : Temozolomide in children with progressive low-grade glioma. Neuro Oncol 9:161\u2013168, 200710.1215\/15228517-2006-03017347491"},{"issue":"5","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.14.5.16","article-title":"The role of stereotactic radiosurgery for low-grade astrocytomas","volume":"14","author":"Hadjipanayis CG","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hadjipanayis CG, Kondziolka D, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD: The role of stereotactic radiosurgery for low-grade astrocytomas. Neurosurg Focus 14(5):e15, 200310.3171\/foc.2003.14.5.1615669811"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"964","article-title":"Management and outcome of low-grade astrocytomas of the midline in children: a retrospective review","volume":"33","author":"Hoffman HJ","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hoffman HJ, Soloniuk DS, Humphreys RP, Drake JM, Becker LE, De Lima BO, : Management and outcome of low-grade astrocytomas of the midline in children: a retrospective review. Neurosurgery 33:964\u2013971, 19938134009"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.2.0227","article-title":"Brain-stem tumors in childhood: a prospective randomized trial of irradiation with and without adjuvant CCNU, VCR, and prednisone. A report of the Childrens Cancer Study Group","volume":"66","author":"Jenkin RDT","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jenkin RDT, Boesel C, Ertel I, Evans A, Hittle R, Ortega J, : Brain-stem tumors in childhood: a prospective randomized trial of irradiation with and without adjuvant CCNU, VCR, and prednisone. A report of the Childrens Cancer Study Group. J Neurosurg 66:227\u2013233, 198710.3171\/jns.1987.66.2.0227"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Nat Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2682","article-title":"Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma","volume":"45","author":"Jones DT","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jones DT, Hutter B, J\u00e4ger N, Korshunov A, Kool M, Warnatz HJ, : Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma. Nat Genet 45:927\u2013932, 201310.1038\/ng.268223817572"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8673","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2097","article-title":"Tandem duplication producing a novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene defines the majority of pilocytic astrocytomas","volume":"68","author":"Jones DT","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jones DT, Kocialkowski S, Liu L, Pearson DM, B\u00e4cklund LM, Ichimura K, : Tandem duplication producing a novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene defines the majority of pilocytic astrocytomas. Cancer Res 68:8673\u20138677, 200810.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-209718974108"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198908000-00006","article-title":"Stereotactic biopsy and resection of thalamic astrocytomas","volume":"25","author":"Kelly PJ","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kelly PJ: Stereotactic biopsy and resection of thalamic astrocytomas. Neurosurgery 25:185\u2013195, 1989254944210.1227\/00006123-198908000-00006"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii27","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou208.15","article-title":"Final results of a prospective multi-institutional phase ii study of everolimus (RAD001), an mTOR inhibitor, in pediatric patients with recurrent or progressive low-grade glioma. A POETIC consortium trial","volume":"16","author":"Kieran MW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kieran MW, Yao X, Macy M, Leary S, Cohen K, MacDonald T, : Final results of a prospective multi-institutional phase ii study of everolimus (RAD001), an mTOR inhibitor, in pediatric patients with recurrent or progressive low-grade glioma. A POETIC consortium trial. Neuro Oncol 16:iii27, 2014 (Abstract)10.1093\/neuonc\/nou208.15"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b22","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000333","article-title":"The role of probabilistic tractography in the surgical treatment of thalamic gliomas","volume":"10","author":"Kis D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kis D, M\u00e1t\u00e9 A, Kincses ZT, V\u00f6r\u00f6s E, Barz\u00f3 P: The role of probabilistic tractography in the surgical treatment of thalamic gliomas. Neurosurgery 10 (Suppl 2):262\u2013272, 201410.1227\/NEU.000000000000033324594925"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31823f2cb0","article-title":"BRAF alterations in primary glial and glioneuronal neoplasms of the central nervous system with identification of 2 novel KIAA1549:BRAF fusion variants","volume":"71","author":"Lin A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin A, Rodriguez FJ, Karajannis MA, Williams SC, Legault G, Zagzag D, : BRAF alterations in primary glial and glioneuronal neoplasms of the central nervous system with identification of 2 novel KIAA1549:BRAF fusion variants. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 71:66\u201372, 201210.1097\/NEN.0b013e31823f2cb022157620"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198703000-00016","article-title":"Stereotactic resection of juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas of the thalamus and basal ganglia","volume":"20","author":"McGirr SJ","year":"1987","unstructured":"McGirr SJ, Kelly PJ, Scheithauer BW: Stereotactic resection of juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas of the thalamus and basal ganglia. Neurosurgery 20:447\u2013452, 198710.1227\/00006123-198703000-000163553982"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.7.PEDS09128","article-title":"Role of diffusion tensor imaging in resection of thalamic juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma","volume":"4","author":"Moshel YA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moshel YA, Elliott RE, Monoky DJ, Wisoff JH: Role of diffusion tensor imaging in resection of thalamic juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. J Neurosurg Pediatr 4:495\u2013505, 20091995103410.3171\/2009.7.PEDS09128"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000279725.13521.a3","article-title":"Stereotactic volumetric resection of thalamic pilocytic astrocytomas","volume":"61","author":"Moshel YA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moshel YA, Link MJ, Kelly PJ: Stereotactic volumetric resection of thalamic pilocytic astrocytomas. Neurosurgery 61:66\u201375, 200710.1227\/01.neu.0000279725.13521.a317621020"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.86.5.0747","article-title":"Carboplatin and vincristine chemotherapy for children with newly diagnosed progressive low-grade gliomas","volume":"86","author":"Packer RJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Packer RJ, Ater J, Allen J, Phillips P, Geyer R, Nicholson HS, : Carboplatin and vincristine chemotherapy for children with newly diagnosed progressive low-grade gliomas. J Neurosurg 86:747\u2013754, 199710.3171\/jns.1997.86.5.07479126887"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"b28","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"557","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of intraaxial tumors at the cervicomedullary and pontomedullary junctions. Report of two cases","volume":"103","author":"Phillips NS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Phillips NS, Sanford RA, Helton KJ, Boop FA, Zou P, Tekautz T, : Diffusion tensor imaging of intraaxial tumors at the cervicomedullary and pontomedullary junctions. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 103 (6 Suppl):557\u2013562, 200516383256"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.6.0845","article-title":"Surgical management of brain-stem tumors in children: results and statistical analysis of 75 cases","volume":"79","author":"Pierre-Kahn A","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pierre-Kahn A, Hirsch JF, Vinchon M, Payan C, Sainte-Rose C, Renier D, : Surgical management of brain-stem tumors in children: results and statistical analysis of 75 cases. J Neurosurg 79:845\u2013852, 1993824605210.3171\/jns.1993.79.6.0845"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005736104205","article-title":"Treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas with a nitrosourea-based multiagent chemotherapy regimen","volume":"32","author":"Prados MD","year":"1997","unstructured":"Prados MD, Edwards MS, Rabbitt J, Lamborn K, Davis RL, Levin VA: Treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas with a nitrosourea-based multiagent chemotherapy regimen. J Neurooncol 32:235\u2013241, 199710.1023\/A:10057361042059049885"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"b31","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"354","article-title":"Thalamic tumors in children: a reappraisal","volume":"106","author":"Puget S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Puget S, Crimmins DW, Garnett MR, Grill J, Oliveira R, Boddaert N, : Thalamic tumors in children: a reappraisal. J Neurosurg 106 (5 Suppl):354\u2013362, 200717566201"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8188","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300252110","article-title":"Genomic analysis of diffuse pediatric low-grade gliomas identifies recurrent oncogenic truncating rearrangements in the transcription factor MYBL1","volume":"110","author":"Ramkissoon LA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramkissoon LA, Horowitz PM, Craig JM, Ramkissoon SH, Rich BE, Schumacher SE, : Genomic analysis of diffuse pediatric low-grade gliomas identifies recurrent oncogenic truncating rearrangements in the transcription factor MYBL1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:8188\u20138193, 20132363356510.1073\/pnas.1300252110"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book","first-page":"e540","article-title":"Exploiting laboratory insights to improve outcomes of pediatric central nervous system tumors","volume":"35","author":"Robinson GW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robinson GW, Witt H, Resnick A: Exploiting laboratory insights to improve outcomes of pediatric central nervous system tumors. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 35:e540\u2013e546, 2016"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-013-0452-3","article-title":"Surgical management of thalamic gliomas: case selection, technical considerations, and review of literature","volume":"36","author":"Sai Kiran NA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sai Kiran NA, Thakar S, Dadlani R, Mohan D, Furtado SV, Ghosal N, : Surgical management of thalamic gliomas: case selection, technical considerations, and review of literature. Neurosurg Rev 36:383\u2013393, 201310.1007\/s10143-013-0452-3"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0802-6","article-title":"Analysis of BRAF V600E mutation in 1,320 nervous system tumors reveals high mutation frequencies in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma and extra-cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma","volume":"121","author":"Schindler G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schindler G, Capper D, Meyer J, Janzarik W, Omran H, Herold-Mende C, : Analysis of BRAF V600E mutation in 1,320 nervous system tumors reveals high mutation frequencies in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma and extra-cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma. Acta Neuropathol 121:397\u2013405, 201110.1007\/s00401-011-0802-621274720"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Brain Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00225.x","article-title":"Duplication of 7q34 in pediatric low-grade astrocytomas detected by high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genotype arrays results in a novel BRAF fusion gene","volume":"19","author":"Sievert AJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sievert AJ, Jackson EM, Gai X, Hakonarson H, Judkins AR, Resnick AC, : Duplication of 7q34 in pediatric low-grade astrocytomas detected by high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genotype arrays results in a novel BRAF fusion gene. Brain Pathol 19:449\u2013458, 200910.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00225.x"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5957","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219232110","article-title":"Paradoxical activation and RAF inhibitor resistance of BRAF protein kinase fusions characterizing pediatric astrocytomas","volume":"110","author":"Sievert AJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sievert AJ, Lang SS, Boucher KL, Madsen PJ, Slaunwhite E, Choudhari N, : Paradoxical activation and RAF inhibitor resistance of BRAF protein kinase fusions characterizing pediatric astrocytomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:5957\u20135962, 20132353327210.1073\/pnas.1219232110"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00250196","article-title":"Current treatment of thalamic gliomas in children","volume":"28","author":"Souweidane MM","year":"1996","unstructured":"Souweidane MM, Hoffman HJ: Current treatment of thalamic gliomas in children. J Neurooncol 28:157\u2013166, 199610.1007\/BF002501968832459"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2968-z","article-title":"Pediatric thalamic tumors in the MRI era: a Canadian perspective","volume":"32","author":"Steinbok P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steinbok P, Gopalakrishnan CV, Hengel AR, Vitali AM, Poskitt K, Hawkins C, : Pediatric thalamic tumors in the MRI era: a Canadian perspective. Childs Nerv Syst 32:269\u2013280, 201610.1007\/s00381-015-2968-z"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.6.0745","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pediatric brain-stem gliomas","volume":"65","author":"Stroink AR","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stroink AR, Hoffman HJ, Hendrick EB, Humphreys RP: Diagnosis and management of pediatric brain-stem gliomas. J Neurosurg 65:745\u2013750, 198610.3171\/jns.1986.65.6.07453772471"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-002-0576-1","article-title":"Astrocytomas of the cerebral peduncle in children: surgical experience in seven patients","volume":"18","author":"Tomita T","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tomita T, Cortes RF: Astrocytomas of the cerebral peduncle in children: surgical experience in seven patients. Childs Nerv Syst 18:225\u2013230, 20021204292110.1007\/s00381-002-0576-1"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1961.18.6.0730","article-title":"Primary tumors of the region of the thalamus","volume":"18","author":"Tovi D","year":"1961","unstructured":"Tovi D, Schisano G, Liljeqvist B: Primary tumors of the region of the thalamus. J Neurosurg 18:730\u2013740, 19611392219110.3171\/jns.1961.18.6.0730"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199208000-00003","article-title":"Focal midbrain tumors in children","volume":"31","author":"Vandertop WP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vandertop WP, Hoffman HJ, Drake JM, Humphreys RP, Rutka JT, Amstrong DC, : Focal midbrain tumors in children. Neurosurgery 31:186\u2013194, 1992130866110.1227\/00006123-199208000-00003"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24142","article-title":"A feasibility and efficacy study of rapamycin and erlotinib for recurrent pediatric low-grade glioma (LGG)","volume":"60","author":"Yalon M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yalon M, Rood B, MacDonald TJ, McCowage G, Kane R, Constantini S, : A feasibility and efficacy study of rapamycin and erlotinib for recurrent pediatric low-grade glioma (LGG). Pediatr Blood Cancer 60:71\u201376, 201310.1002\/pbc.2414222434731"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14982","article-title":"RAF inhibitors that evade paradoxical MAPK pathway activation","volume":"526","author":"Zhang C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang C, Spevak W, Zhang Y, Burton EA, Ma Y, Habets G, : RAF inhibitors that evade paradoxical MAPK pathway activation. Nature 526:583\u2013586, 20152646656910.1038\/nature14982"},{"key":"b46","series-title":"Nat Genet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2611","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing identifies genetic alterations in pediatric low-grade gliomas","volume":"45","author":"Zhang J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wu G, Miller CP, Tatevossian RG, Dalton JD, Tang B, : Whole-genome sequencing identifies genetic alterations in pediatric low-grade gliomas. Nat Genet 45:602\u2013612, 201310.1038\/ng.261123583981"},{"key":"b47","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.01.092","article-title":"A preliminary experience with use of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in thalamic glioma surgery: a case series of 38 patients","volume":"89","author":"Zheng X","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng X, Xu X, Zhang H, Wang Q, Ma X, Chen X, : A preliminary experience with use of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in thalamic glioma surgery: a case series of 38 patients. World Neurosurg 89:434\u2013441, 201610.1016\/j.wneu.2016.01.09226882968"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/20\/3\/article-p247.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/20\/3\/article-p247.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/20\/3\/article-p247.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T13:53:42Z","timestamp":1681566822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/20\/3\/article-p247.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.4.peds16668","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}