{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:11:42Z","timestamp":1792804302210,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurological surgery offers an opportunity to study brain functions, through either resection or implanted neuromodulation devices. Pathological aggressive behavior in patients with intellectual disability is a frequent condition that is difficult to treat using either supportive care or pharmacological therapy. The bulk of the laboratory studies performed throughout the 19th century enabled the formulation of hypotheses on brain circuits involved in the generation of emotions. Aggressive behavior was also studied extensively. Lesional radiofrequency surgery of the posterior hypothalamus, which peaked in the 1970s, was shown to be an effective therapy in many reported series. As with other surgical procedures for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, however, this therapy was abandoned for many reasons, including the risk of its misuse. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers the possibility of treating neurological and psychoaffective disorders through relatively reversible and adaptable therapy. Deep brain stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus was proposed and performed successfully in 2005 as a treatment for aggressive behavior. Other groups reported positive outcomes using target and parameter settings similar to those of the original study. Both the lesional and DBS approaches enabled researchers to explore the role of the posterior hypothalamus (or posterior hypothalamic area) in the autonomic and emotional systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.6.focus17231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T03:36:47Z","timestamp":1504237007000},"page":"E14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Exploring the brain through posterior hypothalamus surgery for aggressive behavior"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation \u201cIstituto Neurologico Carlo Besta,\u201d Milan;"},{"name":"\u201cClaudio Munari\u201d Center for Epilepsy Surgery, Niguarda Hospital, Milan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Trezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, Rome; and"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation \u201cIstituto Neurologico Carlo Besta,\u201d Milan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"De Benedictis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, Rome; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Franzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Foundation \u201cIstituto Neurologico Carlo Besta,\u201d Milan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Efisio","family":"Marras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, Rome; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"594","article-title":"Lateralized effect of pallidal stimulation on self-mutilation in Lesch-Nyhan disease","volume":"14","author":"Abel TJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abel TJ, Dalm BD, Grossbach AJ, Jackson AW, Thomsen T, Greenlee JDW: Lateralized effect of pallidal stimulation on self-mutilation in Lesch-Nyhan disease. 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