{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:51:29Z","timestamp":1792083089541,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to establish optimal electric stimulation parameters for intraoperatively monitoring the bulbocavernosus reflexes (BCRs) in infants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all infants (age < 24 months) who had undergone an untethering operation for tethered cord syndrome between May 2013 and February 2014 at a single institution and whose baseline BCR had been elicited during surgery. Using different combinations of stimulation parameters\u2014number of stimulation pulses: 4 or 8 pulses, interpulse interval: 1, 2, or 5 msec, and polarity of stimulation: biphasic or monophasic\u2014the authors compared the relative mean amplitude of 10 BCR responses (rmaBCRs) to each combination of parameters.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The rmaBCRs were larger with the 8-pulse stimulations than with the 4-pulse stimulations (p < 0.0001). There was a tendency, though not statistically significant, for larger rmaBCRs to be obtained with the longer interpulse interval in the 8-pulse stimulation (p = 0.1289). The biphasic stimulation produced larger rmaBCRs than the monophasic stimulation (p = 0.0005).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Biphasic 8-pulse stimulations with 5-msec or 2-msec intervals yield the largest BCR responses. Considering that an 8-pulse stimulation with 5-msec intervals may overlap the onset of the BCR, a biphasic 8-pulse stimulation with 2-msec intervals is recommended as the optimal stimulation paradigm to monitor intraoperative BCRs in infants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.6.peds16664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T09:55:15Z","timestamp":1504259715000},"page":"464-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Optimal stimulation parameters for intraoperative bulbocavernosus reflex in infants"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hyeoncheol","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine,"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Chang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon Suk","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Ik","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hoon","family":"Phi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Yeoun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungwoo","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keewon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine,"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Pediatric Neurosurgery: Surgery of the Developing Nervous System","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Neuromonitoring","author":"Deletis V","year":"2001","unstructured":"Deletis V: Neuromonitoring, in McLone DG (ed): Pediatric Neurosurgery: Surgery of the Developing Nervous System. 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