{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:37:40Z","timestamp":1790008660779,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meige syndrome is characterized by blepharospasm and varied subphenotypes of craniocervical dystonia. Current literature on pallidal surgery for Meige syndrome is limited to case reports and a few small-scale studies. The authors investigated the clinical outcomes of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in patients with Meige syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen patients who underwent GPi DBS at the Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University Hospital between 2002 and 2015 were included in this study. Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) movement subscale (BFMDRS-M) scores (range 0\u2013120) obtained at the following 3 time points were included in this analysis: before surgery, 3 months after surgery, and at the most recent follow-up evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patients\u2019 mean age (\u00b1 SD) at symptom onset was 46.7 \u00b1 10.1 years, and the mean disease duration at the time of the authors\u2019 initial evaluation was 5.9 \u00b1 4.1 years. In 12 patients, the initial symptom was blepharospasm, and the other 4 patients presented with cervical dystonia. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 66.6 \u00b1 40.7 months (range 13\u2013150 months). The mean total BFMDRS-M scores at the 3 time points were 16.3 \u00b1 5.5, 5.5 \u00b1 5.6 (66.3% improvement, p &lt; 0.001), and 6.7 \u00b1 7.3 (58.9% improvement, p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate long-term efficacy for GPi DBS for the majority of patients with Meige syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.7.jns17323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T14:59:33Z","timestamp":1516373973000},"page":"84-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Long-term outcome of pallidal stimulation for Meige syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Shiro","family":"Horisawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University, Tokyo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ochiai Brain Clinic, Saitama; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University, Tokyo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University, Tokyo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takakazu","family":"Kawamata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University, Tokyo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaomi","family":"Taira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University, Tokyo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.1.73","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a rating for the primary torsion dystonias","volume":"35","author":"Burke RE","year":"1985","unstructured":"Burke RE, Fahn S, Marsden CD, Bressman SB, Moskowitz C, Friedman J: Validity and reliability of a rating for the primary torsion dystonias. 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