{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T10:04:37Z","timestamp":1779530677704,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) occur in approximately 17,000 people in the US each year. The average length of hospital stay is 11 days, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) rates as high as 65% are reported in these patients. There is no consensus on the appropriate timing of chemical DVT prophylaxis for this critically injured patient cohort. The object of this study was to determine if low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was safe and effective if given within 24 hours of SCI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in SCIs study is a prospective observational study conducted by the UCSF Brain and Spinal Injury Center. Protocol at this center includes administration of LMWH within 24 hours of SCI. Data were retrospectively reviewed to determine DVT rate, pulmonary embolism (PE) rate, and hemorrhagic complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Forty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. There were 3 DVTs (6.1%), 2 PEs (4.1%), and no hemorrhagic complications. Regression modeling did not find an association between DVT and\/or PE and age, American Spinal Injury Association grade, sex, race, or having undergone a neurosurgical procedure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n A standardized protocol in which LMWH is given to patients with SCI within 24 hours of injury is effective in keeping venous thromboembolism at the lower end of the reported range, and is safe, with a zero rate of adverse bleeding events.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.8.focus17437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T03:37:00Z","timestamp":1509507420000},"page":"E21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Safety and effectiveness of early chemical deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis after spinal cord injury: pilot prospective data"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"DiGiorgio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Tsolinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Brain and Spinal Injury Center, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohanad","family":"Alazzeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Haefeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Brain and Spinal Injury Center, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason F.","family":"Talbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Brain and Spinal Injury Center, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline C.","family":"Bresnahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Brain and Spinal Injury Center, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Beattie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Brain and Spinal Injury Center, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey T.","family":"Manley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Whetstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay S.","family":"Dhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"300","article-title":"Primary prevention of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in acute spinal cord injured patients","volume":"40","author":"Aito S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aito S, Pieri A, D\u2019Andrea M, Marcelli F, Cominelli E: Primary prevention of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in acute spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord 40:300\u2013303, 2002"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"1509","article-title":"Acute pharmacological DVT prophylaxis after spinal cord injury","volume":"28","author":"Christie S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christie S, Thibault-Halman G, Casha S: Acute pharmacological DVT prophylaxis after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 28:1509\u20131514, 2011"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"244","article-title":"Deep venous thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries","volume":"72","author":"Dhall SS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dhall SS, Hadley MN, Aarabi B, Gelb DE, Hurlbert RJ, Rozzelle CJ, : Deep venous thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery 72 (Suppl 2):244\u2013254, 2013"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1908","article-title":"Role of screening tests for deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic adults with acute spinal cord injury: an evidence-based analysis","volume":"32","author":"Furlan JC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Furlan JC, Fehlings MG: Role of screening tests for deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic adults with acute spinal cord injury: an evidence-based analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 32:1908\u20131916, 2007"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Thromb Haemost","first-page":"34","article-title":"The short- and long-term risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a prospective cohort study","volume":"109","author":"Giorgi Pierfranceschi M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Giorgi Pierfranceschi M, Donadini MP, Dentali F, Ageno W, Marazzi M, Bocchi R, : The short- and long-term risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a prospective cohort study. Thromb Haemost 109:34\u201338, 2013"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"290","article-title":"Prevention of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury: role of low molecular weight heparin","volume":"75","author":"Green D","year":"1994","unstructured":"Green D, Chen D, Chmiel JS, Olsen NK, Berkowitz M, Novick A, : Prevention of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury: role of low molecular weight heparin. 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(https:\/\/www.nscisc.uab.edu\/Public\/Facts%202016.pdf) [Accessed September 15, 2017]"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"2568","article-title":"Thromboprophylaxis in patients with acute spinal injuries: an evidence-based analysis","volume":"91","author":"Ploumis A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ploumis A, Ponnappan RK, Maltenfort MG, Patel RX, Bessey JT, Albert TJ, : Thromboprophylaxis in patients with acute spinal injuries: an evidence-based analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91:2568\u20132576, 2009"},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"300","article-title":"Primary prevention of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in acute spinal cord injured patients","volume":"40","author":"Aito S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aito S, Pieri A, D\u2019Andrea M, Marcelli F, Cominelli E: Primary prevention of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in acute spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord 40:300\u2013303, 2002"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"1509","article-title":"Acute pharmacological DVT prophylaxis after spinal cord injury","volume":"28","author":"Christie S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christie S, Thibault-Halman G, Casha S: Acute pharmacological DVT prophylaxis after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 28:1509\u20131514, 2011"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"244","article-title":"Deep venous thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries","volume":"72","author":"Dhall SS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dhall SS, Hadley MN, Aarabi B, Gelb DE, Hurlbert RJ, Rozzelle CJ, : Deep venous thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries. 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Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 32:1908\u20131916, 2007"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Thromb Haemost","first-page":"34","article-title":"The short- and long-term risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a prospective cohort study","volume":"109","author":"Giorgi Pierfranceschi M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Giorgi Pierfranceschi M, Donadini MP, Dentali F, Ageno W, Marazzi M, Bocchi R, : The short- and long-term risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a prospective cohort study. Thromb Haemost 109:34\u201338, 2013"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"290","article-title":"Prevention of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury: role of low molecular weight heparin","volume":"75","author":"Green D","year":"1994","unstructured":"Green D, Chen D, Chmiel JS, Olsen NK, Berkowitz M, Novick A, : Prevention of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury: role of low molecular weight heparin. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75:290\u2013292, 1994"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"606","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis in spinal cord injured patients","volume":"31","author":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz S","year":"1993","unstructured":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz S, O\u011fur E, M\u00f6h\u00fcr H, Somuncu I, A\u00e7jks\u00f6z E, Ust\u00fcns\u00f6z B: Deep vein thrombosis in spinal cord injured patients. Paraplegia 31:606\u2013610, 1993"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen","first-page":"831","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injuries\u2014incidence, mechanisms and course","volume":"132","author":"Hagen EM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hagen EM, Rekand T, Gilhus NE, Gr\u00f8nning M: Traumatic spinal cord injuries\u2014incidence, mechanisms and course. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 132:831\u2013837, 2012"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"326","article-title":"Enoxaparin for thromboembolism prophylaxis in spinal injury: preliminary report on experience with 105 patients","volume":"75","author":"Harris S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Harris S, Chen D, Green D: Enoxaparin for thromboembolism prophylaxis in spinal injury: preliminary report on experience with 105 patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 75:326\u2013327, 1996"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"2236","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States, 1993\u20132012","volume":"313","author":"Jain NB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jain NB, Ayers GD, Peterson EN, Harris MB, Morse L, O\u2019Connor KC, : Traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States, 1993\u20132012. JAMA 313:2236\u20132243, 2015"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"169","article-title":"Prophylactic low dose heparin anticoagulant therapy in patients with spinal cord injuries: a retrospective study","volume":"30","author":"Kulkarni JR","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kulkarni JR, Burt AA, Tromans AT, Constable PD: Prophylactic low dose heparin anticoagulant therapy in patients with spinal cord injuries: a retrospective study. Paraplegia 30:169\u2013172, 1992"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"1116","article-title":"Prevention of venous thromboembolism in the acute treatment phase after spinal cord injury: a randomized, multicenter trial comparing low-dose heparin plus intermittent pneumatic compression with enoxaparin","volume":"54","author":"Merlie G","year":"2003","unstructured":"Merlie G, Geerts W, Ginzburg E, Green D, Lambert R, Leduc B, : Prevention of venous thromboembolism in the acute treatment phase after spinal cord injury: a randomized, multicenter trial comparing low-dose heparin plus intermittent pneumatic compression with enoxaparin. J Trauma 54:1116\u20131126, 2003"},{"key":"b13","article-title":"Facts and Figures at a Glance","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center: Facts and Figures at a Glance. 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J Bone Joint Surg Am 91:2568\u20132576, 2009"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/43\/5\/article-pE21.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/43\/5\/article-pE21.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/43\/5\/article-pE21.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T09:06:09Z","timestamp":1779527169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/43\/5\/article-pE21.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.8.focus17437","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}}}