{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T06:51:06Z","timestamp":1794379866403,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies have shown similar clinical outcomes between Parkinson disease (PD) patients treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) under general anesthesia without microelectrode recording (MER), so-called \u201casleep\u201d DBS, and historical cohorts undergoing \u201cawake\u201d DBS with MER guidance. However, few studies include internal controls. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes after globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS using awake and asleep techniques at a single institution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PD patients undergoing awake or asleep bilateral GPi or STN DBS were prospectively monitored. The primary outcome measure was stimulation-induced change in motor function off medication 6 months postoperatively, measured using the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III). Secondary outcomes included change in quality of life, measured by the 39-item Parkinson\u2019s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), change in levodopa equivalent daily dosage (LEDD), stereotactic accuracy, stimulation parameters, and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six-month outcome data were available for 133 patients treated over 45 months (78 GPi [16 awake, 62 asleep] and 55 STN [14 awake, 41 asleep]). UPDRS-III score improvement with stimulation did not differ between awake and asleep groups for GPi (awake, 20.8 points [38.5%]; asleep, 18.8 points [37.5%]; p = 0.45) or STN (awake, 21.6 points [40.3%]; asleep, 26.1 points [48.8%]; p = 0.20) targets. The percentage improvement in PDQ-39 and LEDD was similar for awake and asleep groups for both GPi (p = 0.80 and p = 0.54, respectively) and STN cohorts (p = 0.85 and p = 0.49, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In PD patients, bilateral GPi and STN DBS using the asleep method resulted in motor, quality-of-life, and medication reduction outcomes that were comparable to those of the awake method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.8.jns17883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]],"date-time":"2018-03-16T09:59:39Z","timestamp":1521194379000},"page":"109-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Clinical outcomes following awake and asleep deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Tsinsue","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaman","family":"Mirzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina M.","family":"Chapple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly A.","family":"Shill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Moguel-Cobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander I.","family":"Tr\u00f6ster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Dhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco A.","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000489705.76089.c2","article-title":"A comparison of outcomes between deep brain stimulation under general anesthesia versus conscious sedation with awake evaluation","volume":"63","author":"Alesch F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alesch F, Jain R, Chen L, Brucke T, Seijo F, San Martin ES, : A comparison of outcomes between deep brain stimulation under general anesthesia versus conscious sedation with awake evaluation. 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