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The visual analog scale (VAS) score was checked to assess the degree of radicular leg pain preoperatively and at the time of the last follow-up. The modified Macnab criteria were used to examine the clinical outcomes at the time of the last follow-up. The mean duration of the follow-up period was 14.8 months (minimum duration 12 months). The mean operative time was 96.7 minutes for one level. The mean VAS score for radicular leg pain dropped from a preoperative score of 7.5 \u00b1 0.9 to a final follow-up score of 2.5 \u00b1 1.2 (p &lt; 0.001). The final outcome according to the modified Macnab criteria was excellent in 5 patients (23.8%), good in 12 (57.2%), fair in 4 (19.0%), and poor in 0. Therefore, excellent or good results (a satisfied outcome) were obtained in 80.9% of the patients. Complications were limited to one dural tear (4.8%). The authors found that the extraforaminal approach of BESS was a feasible and advantageous endoscopic technique for the treatment of foraminal lesions, including stenosis and disc herniation. They suggest that this technique represents a useful, alternative, minimally invasive method that can be used to treat lumbar foraminal stenosis and disc herniation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.8.spine17771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T15:17:07Z","timestamp":1519399027000},"page":"492-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Extraforaminal approach of biportal endoscopic spinal surgery: a new endoscopic technique for transforaminal decompression and discectomy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jae-Sung","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-Jung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Barun Hospital, Jin-ju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki-young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-jin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"320","article-title":"Posterolateral percutaneous endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy for L5-S1 foraminal or lateral exit zone stenosis. 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