{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:04:28Z","timestamp":1791317068508,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endoscopic endonasal approaches are increasingly performed for the surgical treatment of multiple skull base pathologies. Preventing postoperative CSF leaks remains a major challenge, particularly in extended approaches. In this study, the authors assessed the potential use of modern multimaterial 3D printing and neuronavigation to help model these extended defects and develop specifically tailored prostheses for reconstructive purposes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extended endoscopic endonasal skull base approaches were performed on 3 human cadaveric heads. Preprocedure and intraprocedure CT scans were completed and were used to segment and design extended and tailored skull base models. Multimaterial models with different core\/edge interfaces were 3D printed for implantation trials. A novel application of the intraoperative landmark acquisition method was used to transfer the navigation, helping to tailor the extended models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prostheses were created based on preoperative and intraoperative CT scans. The navigation transfer offered sufficiently accurate data to tailor the preprinted extended skull base defect prostheses. Successful implantation of the skull base prostheses was achieved in all specimens. The progressive flexibility gradient of the models\u2019 edges offered the best compromise for easy intranasal maneuverability, anchoring, and structural stability. Prostheses printed based on intraprocedure CT scans were accurate in shape but slightly undersized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperative 3D printing of patient-specific skull base models is achievable for extended endoscopic endonasal surgery. The careful spatial modeling and the use of a flexibility gradient in the design helped achieve the most stable reconstruction. Neuronavigation can help tailor preprinted prostheses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.9.jns171253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]],"date-time":"2018-03-02T10:00:14Z","timestamp":1519984814000},"page":"248-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["3D printing and intraoperative neuronavigation tailoring for skull base reconstruction after extended endoscopic endonasal surgery: proof of concept"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Walid I.","family":"Essayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashin","family":"Unadkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hosny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Frisken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio S.","family":"Rassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Mukundan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ossama","family":"Al-Mefty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra J.","family":"Golby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian F.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816670370","article-title":"Efficacy of perioperative lumbar drainage following endonasal endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid leak repair: a meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Ahmed OH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmed OH, Marcus S, Tauber JR, Wang B, Fang Y, Lebowitz RA: Efficacy of perioperative lumbar drainage following endonasal endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid leak repair: a meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 156:52\u201360, 20172767760110.1177\/0194599816670370"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.2.JNS142015","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal chiasmapexy using a clival cranial base cranioplasty for visual loss from massive empty sella following macroprolactinoma treatment with bromocriptine: case report","volume":"124","author":"Alvarez Berastegui GR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alvarez Berastegui GR, Raza SM, Anand VK, Schwartz TH: Endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal chiasmapexy using a clival cranial base cranioplasty for visual loss from massive empty sella following macroprolactinoma treatment with bromocriptine: case report. J Neurosurg 124:1025\u20131031, 201610.3171\/2015.2.JNS142015"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"MRS Bull","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs.2015.3","article-title":"3D printing of biomaterials","volume":"40","author":"Bandyopadhyay A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S, Das S: 3D printing of biomaterials. MRS Bull 40:108\u2013115, 201510.1557\/mrs.2015.3"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.11.006","article-title":"Low-dose intrathecal fluorescein and etiology-based graft choice in endoscopic endonasal closure of CSF leaks","volume":"116","author":"Banu MA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Banu MA, Kim JH, Shin BJ, Woodworth GF, Anand VK, Schwartz TH: Low-dose intrathecal fluorescein and etiology-based graft choice in endoscopic endonasal closure of CSF leaks. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 116:28\u201334, 20142431575210.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.11.006"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab0129","article-title":"A 3D-printed, functionally graded soft robot powered by combustion","volume":"349","author":"Bartlett NW","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bartlett NW, Tolley MT, Overvelde JT, Weaver JC, Mosadegh B, Bertoldi K, : A 3D-printed, functionally graded soft robot powered by combustion. Science 349:161\u2013165, 201510.1126\/science.aab012926160940"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"b6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2014.07.031","article-title":"The endoscopic endonasal approach to repair of iatrogenic and noniatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid leaks and encephaloceles of the anterior cranial fossa","volume":"82","author":"Bedrosian JC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bedrosian JC, Anand VK, Schwartz TH: The endoscopic endonasal approach to repair of iatrogenic and noniatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid leaks and encephaloceles of the anterior cranial fossa. World Neurosurg 82 (6 Suppl):S86\u2013S94, 201410.1016\/j.wneu.2014.07.031"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Skull Base Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058157","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach: an additional reason in support of surgery in the management of pituitary lesions","volume":"9","author":"Cappabianca P","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cappabianca P, Alfieri A, Colao A, Ferone D, Lombardi G, de Divitiis E: Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach: an additional reason in support of surgery in the management of pituitary lesions. Skull Base Surg 9:109\u2013117, 19991717112610.1055\/s-2008-1058157"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200212000-00006","article-title":"Sellar repair in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: results of 170 cases","volume":"51","author":"Cappabianca P","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cappabianca P, Cavallo LM, Esposito F, Valente V, De Divitiis E: Sellar repair in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: results of 170 cases. Neurosurgery 51:1365\u20131372, 20021244534110.1097\/00006123-200212000-00006"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/10\/0713","article-title":"Skull base reconstruction in the extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for suprasellar lesions","volume":"107","author":"Cavallo LM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cavallo LM, Messina A, Esposito F, de Divitiis O, Dal Fabbro M, de Divitiis E, : Skull base reconstruction in the extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for suprasellar lesions. J Neurosurg 107:713\u2013720, 20071793721310.3171\/JNS-07\/10\/0713"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Cureus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e311","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.194059","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of tuberculum sella meningioma with anterior cerebral artery encasement","volume":"7","author":"Dhandapani S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dhandapani S, Negm HM, Cohen S, Anand VK, Schwartz TH: Endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of tuberculum sella meningioma with anterior cerebral artery encasement. Cureus 7:e311, 20152643058510.4103\/2152-7806.194059"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23766","article-title":"Challenges and surgical nuances in reconstruction of large planum sphenoidale tuberculum sellae defects after endoscopic endonasal resection of parasellar skull base tumors","volume":"123","author":"Eloy JA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eloy JA, Shukla PA, Choudhry OJ, Singh R, Liu JK: Challenges and surgical nuances in reconstruction of large planum sphenoidale tuberculum sellae defects after endoscopic endonasal resection of parasellar skull base tumors. Laryngoscope 123:1353\u20131360, 20132348345910.1002\/lary.23766"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.JNS161503","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral brainstem: anatomical feasibility and surgical limitations","volume":"127","author":"Essayed WI","year":"2017","unstructured":"Essayed WI, Singh H, Lapadula G, Almodovar-Mercado GJ, Anand VK, Schwartz TH: Endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral brainstem: anatomical feasibility and surgical limitations. J Neurosurg 127:1139\u20131146, 20172808490610.3171\/2016.9.JNS161503"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Prosthodont","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12431","article-title":"Three-dimensional bioprinting materials with potential application in preprosthetic surgery","volume":"25","author":"Fahmy MD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fahmy MD, Jazayeri HE, Razavi M, Masri R, Tayebi L: Three-dimensional bioprinting materials with potential application in preprosthetic surgery. J Prosthodont 25:310\u2013318, 201610.1111\/jopr.1243126855004"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Magn Reson Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.001","article-title":"3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network","volume":"30","author":"Fedorov A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fedorov A, Beichel R, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Finet J, Fillion-Robin JC, Pujol S, : 3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network. Magn Reson Imaging 30:1323\u20131341, 201210.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.00122770690"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.7.JNS081504","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transclival resection of chordomas: operative technique, clinical outcome, and review of the literature","volume":"112","author":"Fraser JF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fraser JF, Nyquist GG, Moore N, Anand VK, Schwartz TH: Endoscopic endonasal transclival resection of chordomas: operative technique, clinical outcome, and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 112:1061\u20131069, 20101969804310.3171\/2009.7.JNS081504"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.08.034","article-title":"Gasket seal closure for extended endonasal endoscopic skull base surgery: efficacy in a large case series","volume":"80","author":"Garcia-Navarro V","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garcia-Navarro V, Anand VK, Schwartz TH: Gasket seal closure for extended endonasal endoscopic skull base surgery: efficacy in a large case series. World Neurosurg 80:563\u2013568, 201310.1016\/j.wneu.2011.08.034"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Nat Mater","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4544","article-title":"Biomimetic 4D printing","volume":"15","author":"Gladman AS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gladman AS, Matsumoto EA, Nuzzo RG, Mahadevan L, Lewis JA: Biomimetic 4D printing. Nat Mater 15:413\u2013418, 20162680846110.1038\/nmat4544"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Adv Mater Interfaces","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500011","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201500011","article-title":"The geometric design and fabrication of actuating cellular structures","volume":"2","author":"Guiducci L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guiducci L, Weaver JC, Br\u00e9chet YJM, Fratzl P, Dunlop JWC: The geometric design and fabrication of actuating cellular structures. Adv Mater Interfaces 2:1500011, 201510.1002\/admi.201500011"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234933.37779.e4","article-title":"A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches: vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap","volume":"116","author":"Hadad G","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hadad G, Bassagasteguy L, Carrau RL, Mataza JC, Kassam A, Snyderman CH, : A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches: vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap. Laryngoscope 116:1882\u20131886, 200610.1097\/01.mlg.0000234933.37779.e417003708"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22475","article-title":"Endoscopic skull base reconstruction of large dural defects: a systematic review of published evidence","volume":"122","author":"Harvey RJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harvey RJ, Parmar P, Sacks R, Zanation AM: Endoscopic skull base reconstruction of large dural defects: a systematic review of published evidence. Laryngoscope 122:452\u2013459, 20122225306010.1002\/lary.22475"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6b00101","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of bone extracellular matrix for craniofacial regeneration","volume":"2","author":"Hung BP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hung BP, Naved BA, Nyberg EL, Dias M, Holmes CA, Elisseeff JH, : Three-dimensional printing of bone extracellular matrix for craniofacial regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2:1806\u20131816, 201610.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6b0010127942578"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.3.JNS142254","article-title":"Comparative analysis of outcomes following craniotomy and expanded endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of craniopharyngioma and related tumors: a single-institution study","volume":"124","author":"Jeswani S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeswani S, Nu\u00f1o M, Wu A, Bonert V, Carmichael JD, Black KL, : Comparative analysis of outcomes following craniotomy and expanded endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of craniopharyngioma and related tumors: a single-institution study. J Neurosurg 124:627\u2013638, 201610.3171\/2015.3.JNS14225426361276"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"World Neurosurg","article-title":"The endoscope-assisted ventral approach compared with open microscope-assisted surgery for clival chordomas","volume":"76","author":"Komotar RJ","unstructured":"Komotar RJ, Starke RM, Raper DM, Anand VK, Schwartz TH: The endoscope-assisted ventral approach compared with open microscope-assisted surgery for clival chordomas. World Neurosurg 76:318\u2013327, 259\u2013262, 201121986431"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-011-0941-5","article-title":"Challenging reconstructive techniques for skull base defect following endoscopic endonasal approaches","volume":"153","author":"Kong DS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kong DS, Kim HY, Kim SH, Min JY, Nam DH, Park K, : Challenging reconstructive techniques for skull base defect following endoscopic endonasal approaches. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 153:807\u2013813, 201110.1007\/s00701-011-0941-521240667"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.6.JNS122259","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal surgery for craniopharyngiomas: surgical outcome in 64 patients","volume":"119","author":"Koutourousiou M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koutourousiou M, Gardner PA, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Tyler-Kabara EC, Wang EW, Snyderman CH: Endoscopic endonasal surgery for craniopharyngiomas: surgical outcome in 64 patients. J Neurosurg 119:1194\u20131207, 201310.3171\/2013.6.JNS12225923909243"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Acta Biomater","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.02.006","article-title":"Surface modification of 3D-printed porous scaffolds via mussel-inspired polydopamine and effective immobilization of rhBMP-2 to promote osteogenic differentiation for bone tissue engineering","volume":"40","author":"Lee SJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee SJ, Lee D, Yoon TR, Kim HK, Jo HH, Park JS, : Surface modification of 3D-printed porous scaffolds via mussel-inspired polydopamine and effective immobilization of rhBMP-2 to promote osteogenic differentiation for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 40:182\u2013191, 20162686817310.1016\/j.actbio.2016.02.006"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822e8ffc","article-title":"Endoscopic, endonasal resection of craniopharyngiomas: analysis of outcome including extent of resection, cerebrospinal fluid leak, return to preoperative productivity, and body mass index","volume":"70","author":"Leng LZ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leng LZ, Greenfield JP, Souweidane MM, Anand VK, Schwartz TH: Endoscopic, endonasal resection of craniopharyngiomas: analysis of outcome including extent of resection, cerebrospinal fluid leak, return to preoperative productivity, and body mass index. Neurosurgery 70:110\u2013124, 20122193794310.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822e8ffc"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.08.029","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transclival resection of a brainstem cavernoma: a detailed account of our technique and comparison with the literature","volume":"84","author":"Linsler S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Linsler S, Oertel J: Endoscopic endonasal transclival resection of a brainstem cavernoma: a detailed account of our technique and comparison with the literature. World Neurosurg 84:2064\u20132071, 20152634142710.1016\/j.wneu.2015.08.029"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"876","article-title":"Endoscopic repair of high-flow cranial base defects using a bilayer button","volume":"120","author":"Luginbuhl AJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Luginbuhl AJ, Campbell PG, Evans J, Rosen M: Endoscopic repair of high-flow cranial base defects using a bilayer button. Laryngoscope 120:876\u2013880, 201020422679"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.02.032","article-title":"The transplanum transtuberculum approaches for suprasellar and sellar-suprasellar lesions: avoidance of cerebrospinal fluid leak and lessons learned","volume":"82","author":"Mascarenhas L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mascarenhas L, Moshel YA, Bayad F, Szentirmai O, Salek AA, Leng LZ, : The transplanum transtuberculum approaches for suprasellar and sellar-suprasellar lesions: avoidance of cerebrospinal fluid leak and lessons learned. World Neurosurg 82:186\u2013195, 201410.1016\/j.wneu.2013.02.03223403355"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Tissue Eng Part A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2016.0418","article-title":"Comparison of 3D-printed poly-\u03b5-caprolactone scaffolds functionalized with tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, Bio-Oss, or decellularized bone matrix","volume":"23","author":"Nyberg E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nyberg E, Rindone A, Dorafshar A, Grayson WL: Comparison of 3D-printed poly-\u03b5-caprolactone scaffolds functionalized with tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, Bio-Oss, or decellularized bone matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 23:503\u2013514, 20172802769210.1089\/ten.tea.2016.0418"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.37.5.0533","article-title":"The symptomatic empty sella. Prevention and correction via the transsphenoidal approach","volume":"37","author":"Olson DR","year":"1972","unstructured":"Olson DR, Guiot G, Derome P: The symptomatic empty sella. Prevention and correction via the transsphenoidal approach. J Neurosurg 37:533\u2013537, 1972507637010.3171\/jns.1972.37.5.0533"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.8.PEDS12183","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transclival approach to a ventral pontine pediatric ependymoma","volume":"12","author":"Rajappa P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rajappa P, Margetis K, Sigounas D, Anand V, Schwartz TH, Greenfield JP: Endoscopic endonasal transclival approach to a ventral pontine pediatric ependymoma. J Neurosurg Pediatr 12:465\u2013468, 201310.3171\/2013.8.PEDS1218323992235"},{"issue":"Suppl 33","key":"b34","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"S801","article-title":"3D printing in neurosurgery: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Randazzo M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Randazzo M, Pisapia JM, Singh N, Thawani JP: 3D printing in neurosurgery: a systematic review. Surg Neurol Int 7 (Suppl 33):S801\u2013S809, 2016"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.JNS14995","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of intrathecal fluorescein and white light excitation for detecting intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in endoscopic skull base surgery: a prospective study","volume":"124","author":"Raza SM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raza SM, Banu MA, Donaldson A, Patel KS, Anand VK, Schwartz TH: Sensitivity and specificity of intrathecal fluorescein and white light excitation for detecting intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in endoscopic skull base surgery: a prospective study. J Neurosurg 124:621\u2013626, 20162629591210.3171\/2014.12.JNS14995"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2014.07.004","article-title":"Multi-layer reconstruction during endoscopic endonasal surgery: how much is necessary?","volume":"83","author":"Raza SM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raza SM, Schwartz TH: Multi-layer reconstruction during endoscopic endonasal surgery: how much is necessary? World Neurosurg 83:138\u2013139, 20152500916810.1016\/j.wneu.2014.07.004"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.10582","article-title":"Performance of degradable composite bone repair products made via three-dimensional fabrication techniques","volume":"66","author":"Roy TD","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roy TD, Simon JL, Ricci JL, Rekow ED, Thompson VP, Parsons JR: Performance of degradable composite bone repair products made via three-dimensional fabrication techniques. J Biomed Mater Res A 66:283\u2013291, 200310.1002\/jbm.a.1058212888998"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.01.015","article-title":"Endoscopic skull base reconstruction: an evolution of materials and methods","volume":"50","author":"Sigler AC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sigler AC, D\u2019Anza B, Lobo BC, Woodard TD, Recinos PF, Sindwani R: Endoscopic skull base reconstruction: an evolution of materials and methods. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 50:643\u2013653, 201710.1016\/j.otc.2017.01.01528372814"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Archit Design","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/ad.1710","article-title":"4D printing: multi-material shape change","volume":"84","author":"Tibbits S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tibbits S: 4D printing: multi-material shape change. Archit Design 84:116\u2013121, 201410.1002\/ad.1710"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"b40","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"S106","article-title":"The endoscopic endonasal approach for extradural and intradural clivus lesions","volume":"82","author":"Vellutini EDA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vellutini EDA, Balsalobre L, Hermann DR, Stamm AC: The endoscopic endonasal approach for extradural and intradural clivus lesions. World Neurosurg 82 (6 Suppl):S106\u2013S115, 2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"b41","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.FOCUS16314","article-title":"Outcomes in transcranial microsurgery versus extended endoscopic endonasal approach for primary resection of adult craniopharyngiomas","volume":"41","author":"Wannemuehler TJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wannemuehler TJ, Rubel KE, Hendricks BK, Ting JY, Payner TD, Shah MV, : Outcomes in transcranial microsurgery versus extended endoscopic endonasal approach for primary resection of adult craniopharyngiomas. Neurosurg Focus 41(6):E6, 20162790312510.3171\/2016.9.FOCUS16314"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000481","article-title":"On-demand three-dimensional printing of surgical supplies in conflict zones","volume":"78","author":"Yu AW","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu AW, Khan M: On-demand three-dimensional printing of surgical supplies in conflict zones. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 78:201\u2013203, 20152553922310.1097\/TA.0000000000000481"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-016-2274-y","article-title":"Endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery: pushing the boundaries","volume":"130","author":"Zwagerman NT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zwagerman NT, Zenonos G, Lieber S, Wang WH, Wang EW, Fernandez-Miranda JC, : Endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery: pushing the boundaries. J Neurooncol 130:319\u2013330, 201610.1007\/s11060-016-2274-y27766473"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/130\/1\/article-p248.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/130\/1\/article-p248.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/130\/1\/article-p248.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T03:11:16Z","timestamp":1679800276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/130\/1\/article-p248.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.9.jns171253","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}}}