{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:21:04Z","timestamp":1783948864562,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endonasal surgery of the skull base requires watertight reconstruction of the skull base that can seal the dural defect to prevent postoperative CSF rhinorrhea and consequent intracranial complications. Although the incidence of CSF leakage has decreased significantly since the introduction in 2006 of the vascularized nasoseptal flap (the Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap), reconstruction of extensive skull base dural defects remains challenging. The authors describe a new, modified vascularized nasoseptal flap for reconstruction of extensive skull base dural defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review was conducted on 39 cases from 2010 to 2017 that involved reconstruction of the skull base with an endonasal vascularized flap. Extended nasoseptal flaps were generated by adding the nasal floor and inferior meatus mucosa, inferior turbinate mucosa, or entire lateral nasal wall mucosa. The authors specifically highlight the surgical techniques for flap design and harvesting of these various modifications of the vascularized nasoseptal flap.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-nine endonasal vascularized flaps were used to reconstruct skull base defects in 37 patients with nonsurgical or postoperative CSF rhinorrhea. Of the 39 procedures, extended nasoseptal flaps were used in 5 cases (13%). These included 2 extended nasoseptal flaps including the inferior turbinate mucosa and 3 extended nasoseptal flaps including the entire lateral nasal wall mucosa. These 5 extended nasoseptal flaps were used in patients who had nonsurgical CSF rhinorrhea due to extensive skull base destruction by invasive pituitary tumors. All flaps healed completely and sealed off the CSF leaks. Olfactory function slightly decreased in the 3 patients with extended nasoseptal flaps including the entire lateral nasal wall mucosa. One patient experienced nasolacrimal duct obstruction, which was treated by dacryocystorhinostomy. The authors encountered no wound complication in this series, while crusting at the donor site required daily nasal toilette and frequent debridement until the completion of mucosalization, which usually takes 8 to 12 weeks after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extended nasoseptal flaps are a reliable and versatile option that can be used to reconstruct extensive skull base dural defects resulting from destruction by large invasive tumors or complex endoscopic endonasal surgery. An extended nasoseptal flap that includes the entire lateral nasal wall mucosa (360\u00b0 flap) is the largest endonasal vascularized flap reported to date and may be an alternative for the reconstruction of extensive skull base defects while avoiding the need for additional external approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.10.jns181556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:15:01Z","timestamp":1551226501000},"page":"371-379","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Various modifications of a vascularized nasoseptal flap for repair of extensive skull base dural defects"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Ju Hyung","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eui Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.6.1055","article-title":"Size-adjustable titanium plate for reconstruction of the sella turcica. Technical note","volume":"91","author":"Arita K","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arita K, Kurisu K, Tominaga A, Ikawa F, Iida K, Hama S, : Size-adjustable titanium plate for reconstruction of the sella turcica. Technical note. J Neurosurg 91:1055\u20131057, 199910.3171\/jns.1999.91.6.105510584857"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21778","article-title":"The extended nasoseptal flap for coverage of large cranial base defects","volume":"6","author":"Bassett E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bassett E, Farag A, Iloreta A, Farrell C, Evans J, Rosen M, : The extended nasoseptal flap for coverage of large cranial base defects. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 6:1113\u20131116, 201610.1002\/alr.2177827546484"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2009.10.003","article-title":"Reconstruction of the cranial base after endonasal skull base surgery: local tissue flaps","volume":"21","author":"Bhatki AM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhatki AM, Pant H, Snyderman CH, Carrau RL, Kassam A, Prevedello D, : Reconstruction of the cranial base after endonasal skull base surgery: local tissue flaps. Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 21:74\u201382, 201010.1016\/j.otot.2009.10.003"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200212000-00006","article-title":"Sellar repair in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: results of 170 cases","volume":"51","author":"Cappabianca P","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cappabianca P, Cavallo LM, Esposito F, Valente V, De Divitiis E: Sellar repair in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: results of 170 cases. Neurosurgery 51:1365\u20131372, 200210.1097\/00006123-200212000-0000612445341"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.2.JNS161582","article-title":"Nasoseptal flap necrosis: a rare complication of endoscopic endonasal surgery","volume":"128","author":"Chabot JD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chabot JD, Patel CR, Hughes MA, Wang EW, Snyderman CH, Gardner PA, : Nasoseptal flap necrosis: a rare complication of endoscopic endonasal surgery. J Neurosurg 128:1463\u20131472, 201810.3171\/2017.2.JNS16158228731395"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Semin Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607274","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal reconstructive methods to the anterior skull base","volume":"31","author":"Chakravarthi S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chakravarthi S, Gonen L, Monroy-Sosa A, Khalili S, Kassam A: Endoscopic endonasal reconstructive methods to the anterior skull base. Semin Plast Surg 31:203\u2013213, 201710.1055\/s-0037-160727429075159"},{"issue":"1 Suppl Operative","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"130","article-title":"Prevention of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after transsphenoidal surgery by collagen fleece coated with fibrin sealant without autologous tissue graft or postoperative lumbar drainage","volume":"68","author":"Cho JM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cho JM, Ahn JY, Chang JH, Kim SH: Prevention of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after transsphenoidal surgery by collagen fleece coated with fibrin sealant without autologous tissue graft or postoperative lumbar drainage. Neurosurgery 68 (1 Suppl Operative):130\u2013137, 2011"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1358791","article-title":"Extended inferior turbinate flap for endoscopic reconstruction of skull base defects","volume":"75","author":"Choby GW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choby GW, Pinheiro-Neto CD, de Almeida JR, Ruiz-Valdepe\u00f1as EC, Wang EW, Fernandez-Miranda JC, : Extended inferior turbinate flap for endoscopic reconstruction of skull base defects. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 75:225\u2013230, 201410.1055\/s-0033-135879125093144"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000134287.19377.A2","article-title":"Variations on the standard transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region, with emphasis on the extended approaches and parasellar approaches: surgical experience in 105 cases","volume":"55","author":"Couldwell WT","year":"2004","unstructured":"Couldwell WT, Weiss MH, Rabb C, Liu JK, Apfelbaum RI, Fukushima T: Variations on the standard transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region, with emphasis on the extended approaches and parasellar approaches: surgical experience in 105 cases. Neurosurgery 55:539\u2013550, 200410.1227\/01.NEU.0000134287.19377.A215335421"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"b10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"295","article-title":"Graded repair of cranial base defects and cerebrospinal fluid leaks in transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"60","author":"Esposito F","year":"2007","unstructured":"Esposito F, Dusick JR, Fatemi N, Kelly DF: Graded repair of cranial base defects and cerebrospinal fluid leaks in transsphenoidal surgery. Neurosurgery 60 (4 Suppl 2):295\u2013304, 2007"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e3180471482","article-title":"Transpterygoid transposition of a temporoparietal fascia flap: a new method for skull base reconstruction after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches","volume":"117","author":"Fortes FS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fortes FS, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Kassam A, Prevedello D, Vescan A, : Transpterygoid transposition of a temporoparietal fascia flap: a new method for skull base reconstruction after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches. Laryngoscope 117:970\u2013976, 200710.1097\/MLG.0b013e318047148217417106"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1097\/mlg.0b013e318062111f","article-title":"The posterior pedicle inferior turbinate flap: a new vascularized flap for skull base reconstruction","volume":"117","author":"Fortes FS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fortes FS, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Prevedello D, Vescan A, Mintz A, : The posterior pedicle inferior turbinate flap: a new vascularized flap for skull base reconstruction. Laryngoscope 117:1329\u20131332, 20071759763410.1097\/mlg.0b013e318062111f"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811434516","article-title":"Anteriorly based inferior turbinate flap for endoscopic skull base reconstruction","volume":"146","author":"Gil Z","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gil Z, Margalit N: Anteriorly based inferior turbinate flap for endoscopic skull base reconstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 146:842\u2013847, 201210.1177\/019459981143451622261494"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otorri.2014.02.002","article-title":"[Pedicle flaps based on the sphenopalatine artery: anatomical and surgical study","volume":"65","author":"Gras-Cabrerizo JR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gras-Cabrerizo JR, Gras-Albert JR, Monjas-Canovas I, Garc\u00eda-Garrig\u00f3s E, Montserrat-Gili JR, S\u00e1nchez del Campo F, : [Pedicle flaps based on the sphenopalatine artery: anatomical and surgical study.] Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 65:242\u2013248, 2014 (Span)10.1016\/j.otorri.2014.02.00224713093"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234933.37779.e4","article-title":"A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches: vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap","volume":"116","author":"Hadad G","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hadad G, Bassagasteguy L, Carrau RL, Mataza JC, Kassam A, Snyderman CH, : A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches: vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap. Laryngoscope 116:1882\u20131886, 20061700370810.1097\/01.mlg.0000234933.37779.e4"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21889","article-title":"Anterior pedicle lateral nasal wall flap: a novel technique for the reconstruction of anterior skull base defects","volume":"121","author":"Hadad G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hadad G, Rivera-Serrano CM, Bassagaisteguy LH, Carrau RL, Fernandez-Miranda J, Prevedello DM, : Anterior pedicle lateral nasal wall flap: a novel technique for the reconstruction of anterior skull base defects. Laryngoscope 121:1606\u20131610, 201110.1002\/lary.2188921792948"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.8.JNS08236","article-title":"Closure of large skull base defects after endoscopic transnasal craniotomy. Clinical article","volume":"111","author":"Harvey RJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harvey RJ, Nogueira JF, Schlosser RJ, Patel SJ, Vellutini E, Stamm AC: Closure of large skull base defects after endoscopic transnasal craniotomy. Clinical article. J Neurosurg 111:371\u2013379, 200910.3171\/2008.8.JNS0823619061351"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22475","article-title":"Endoscopic skull base reconstruction of large dural defects: a systematic review of published evidence","volume":"122","author":"Harvey RJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harvey RJ, Parmar P, Sacks R, Zanation AM: Endoscopic skull base reconstruction of large dural defects: a systematic review of published evidence. Laryngoscope 122:452\u2013459, 20122225306010.1002\/lary.22475"},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.19.1.9","article-title":"Evolution of reconstructive techniques following endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches","volume":"19","author":"Kassam A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kassam A, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Gardner P, Mintz A: Evolution of reconstructive techniques following endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches. Neurosurg Focus 19(1):E8, 20051607882210.3171\/foc.2005.19.1.9"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS44","article-title":"Endoscopic reconstruction of the cranial base using a pedicled nasoseptal flap","volume":"63","author":"Kassam AB","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kassam AB, Thomas A, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Vescan A, Prevedello D, : Endoscopic reconstruction of the cranial base using a pedicled nasoseptal flap. Neurosurgery 63 (1 Suppl 1):ONS44\u2013ONS53, 200818728603"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b21","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"26","article-title":"Direct suture technique of normal gland edge on the incised dura margin to repair the intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the arachnoid recess during transsphenoidal pituitary tumor surgery","volume":"11","author":"Kim EH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim EH, Roh TH, Park HH, Moon JH, Hong JB, Kim SH: Direct suture technique of normal gland edge on the incised dura margin to repair the intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the arachnoid recess during transsphenoidal pituitary tumor surgery. Neurosurgery 11 (Suppl 2):26\u201331, 201525584954"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(02)00262-X","article-title":"Reconstruction of the sellar floor using Bioglue following transsphenoidal procedures","volume":"10","author":"Kumar A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kumar A, Maartens NF, Kaye AH: Reconstruction of the sellar floor using Bioglue following transsphenoidal procedures. J Clin Neurosci 10:92\u201395, 200310.1016\/S0967-5868(02)00262-X12464532"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Am J Rhinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2931","article-title":"Reconstruction of skull base defects after minimally invasive endoscopic resection of anterior skull base neoplasms","volume":"20","author":"Leong JL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leong JL, Citardi MJ, Batra PS: Reconstruction of skull base defects after minimally invasive endoscopic resection of anterior skull base neoplasms. Am J Rhinol 20:476\u2013482, 20061706374110.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2931"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.19.1.2","article-title":"Skull base surgery: past, present, and future trends","volume":"19","author":"Maroon JC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maroon JC: Skull base surgery: past, present, and future trends. Neurosurg Focus 19(1):E1, 20051607881210.3171\/foc.2005.19.1.2"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2011.08.012","article-title":"Vascularized reconstruction of endoscopic skull base defects","volume":"22","author":"McCoul ED","year":"2011","unstructured":"McCoul ED, Schwartz TH, Anand VK: Vascularized reconstruction of endoscopic skull base defects. Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 22:232\u2013236, 201110.1016\/j.otot.2011.08.012"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.JNS151328","article-title":"Snare technique for the remodeling of the redundant arachnoid pouch to prevent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and hematoma collection during transsphenoidal surgery for suprasellar-extended pituitary tumors","volume":"125","author":"Moon JH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moon JH, Kim EH, Kim SH: Snare technique for the remodeling of the redundant arachnoid pouch to prevent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and hematoma collection during transsphenoidal surgery for suprasellar-extended pituitary tumors. J Neurosurg 125:1443\u20131450, 20162696778510.3171\/2015.11.JNS151328"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.12.020","article-title":"Janus flap: bilateral nasoseptal flaps for anterior skull base reconstruction","volume":"142","author":"Nyquist GG","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nyquist GG, Anand VK, Singh A, Schwartz TH: Janus flap: bilateral nasoseptal flaps for anterior skull base reconstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 142:327\u2013331, 20102017237510.1016\/j.otohns.2009.12.020"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318184e719","article-title":"Palatal flap modifications allow pedicled reconstruction of the skull base","volume":"118","author":"Oliver CL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oliver CL, Hackman TG, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Kassam AB, Prevedello DM, : Palatal flap modifications allow pedicled reconstruction of the skull base. Laryngoscope 118:2102\u20132106, 200810.1097\/MLG.0b013e318184e71919029856"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24319","article-title":"Beyond the nasoseptal flap: outcomes and pearls with secondary flaps in endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction","volume":"124","author":"Patel MR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel MR, Taylor RJ, Hackman TG, Germanwala AV, Sasaki-Adams D, Ewend MG, : Beyond the nasoseptal flap: outcomes and pearls with secondary flaps in endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction. Laryngoscope 124:846\u2013852, 201410.1002\/lary.2431923877996"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1347368","article-title":"The extended nasoseptal flap for skull base reconstruction of the clival region: an anatomical and radiological study","volume":"74","author":"Peris-Celda M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peris-Celda M, Pinheiro-Neto CD, Funaki T, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Gardner P, Snyderman C, : The extended nasoseptal flap for skull base reconstruction of the clival region: an anatomical and radiological study. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 74:369\u2013385, 20132443694010.1055\/s-0033-1347368"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31806db514","article-title":"Improving the design of the pedicled nasoseptal flap for skull base reconstruction: a radioanatomic study","volume":"117","author":"Pinheiro-Neto CD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pinheiro-Neto CD, Prevedello DM, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Mintz A, Gardner P, : Improving the design of the pedicled nasoseptal flap for skull base reconstruction: a radioanatomic study. Laryngoscope 117:1560\u20131569, 200710.1097\/MLG.0b013e31806db51417597630"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20226","article-title":"Middle turbinate flap for skull base reconstruction: cadaveric feasibility study","volume":"119","author":"Prevedello DM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prevedello DM, Barges-Coll J, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Morera V, Jacobson D, Madhok R, : Middle turbinate flap for skull base reconstruction: cadaveric feasibility study. Laryngoscope 119:2094\u20132098, 200910.1002\/lary.2022619718761"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e212","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3693","article-title":"Posterior pedicle lateral nasal wall flap: new reconstructive technique for large defects of the skull base","volume":"25","author":"Rivera-Serrano CM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rivera-Serrano CM, Bassagaisteguy LH, Hadad G, Carrau RL, Kelly D, Prevedello DM, : Posterior pedicle lateral nasal wall flap: new reconstructive technique for large defects of the skull base. Am J Rhinol Allergy 25:e212\u2013e216, 20112218572710.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3693"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21049","article-title":"Pedicled facial buccinator (FAB) flap: a new flap for reconstruction of skull base defects","volume":"120","author":"Rivera-Serrano CM","unstructured":"Rivera-Serrano CM, Oliver CL, Sok J, Prevedello DM, Gardner P, Snyderman CH, : Pedicled facial buccinator (FAB) flap: a new flap for reconstruction of skull base defects. Laryngoscope 120:1922\u20131930, 201010.1002\/lary.2104920824643"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21376","article-title":"Transparapharyngeal and transpterygoid transposition of a pedicled occipital galeopericranial flap: a new flap for skull base reconstruction","volume":"121","author":"Rivera-Serrano CM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rivera-Serrano CM, Snyderman CH, Carrau RL, Durmaz A, Gardner PA: Transparapharyngeal and transpterygoid transposition of a pedicled occipital galeopericranial flap: a new flap for skull base reconstruction. Laryngoscope 121:914\u2013922, 20112152010210.1002\/lary.21376"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.5.0762","article-title":"Sellar reconstruction with resorbable vicryl patches, gelatin foam, and fibrin glue in transsphenoidal surgery: a 10-year experience with 376 patients","volume":"93","author":"Seiler RW","year":"2000","unstructured":"Seiler RW, Mariani L: Sellar reconstruction with resorbable vicryl patches, gelatin foam, and fibrin glue in transsphenoidal surgery: a 10-year experience with 376 patients. J Neurosurg 93:762\u2013765, 200010.3171\/jns.2000.93.5.076211059655"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318031c817","article-title":"Acquisition of surgical skills for endonasal skull base surgery: a training program","volume":"117","author":"Snyderman C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Snyderman C, Kassam A, Carrau R, Mintz A, Gardner P, Prevedello DM: Acquisition of surgical skills for endonasal skull base surgery: a training program. Laryngoscope 117:699\u2013705, 20071733426310.1097\/MLG.0b013e318031c817"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"J Am Coll Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2005.11.019","article-title":"Endoscopic techniques for pathology of the anterior cranial fossa and ventral skull base","volume":"202","author":"Snyderman CH","year":"2006","unstructured":"Snyderman CH, Kassam AB: Endoscopic techniques for pathology of the anterior cranial fossa and ventral skull base. J Am Coll Surg 202:563, 2006 (Letter)1650026510.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2005.11.019"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894061150S908","article-title":"Transnasal endoscopy-assisted skull base surgery","volume":"196","author":"Stamm AM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stamm AM: Transnasal endoscopy-assisted skull base surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 196:45\u201353, 200610.1177\/00034894061150S90817040018"},{"issue":"4","key":"b40","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.FOCUS14350","article-title":"Endoscopic skull base reconstruction: a review and clinical case series of 152 vascularized flaps used for surgical skull base defects in the setting of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak","volume":"37","author":"Thorp BD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thorp BD, Sreenath SB, Ebert CS, Zanation AM: Endoscopic skull base reconstruction: a review and clinical case series of 152 vascularized flaps used for surgical skull base defects in the setting of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak. Neurosurg Focus 37(4):E4, 201410.3171\/2014.7.FOCUS1435025270144"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Surg Radiol Anat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-015-1516-6","article-title":"The posterior pedicled inferior turbinate-nasoseptal flap: a potential combined flap for skull base reconstruction","volume":"38","author":"Wu P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu P, Li Z, Liu C, Ouyang J, Zhong S: The posterior pedicled inferior turbinate-nasoseptal flap: a potential combined flap for skull base reconstruction. Surg Radiol Anat 38:187\u2013194, 20162616382610.1007\/s00276-015-1516-6"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3378","article-title":"Nasoseptal flap reconstruction of high flow intraoperative cerebral spinal fluid leaks during endoscopic skull base surgery","volume":"23","author":"Zanation AM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zanation AM, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Germanwala AV, Gardner PA, Prevedello DM, : Nasoseptal flap reconstruction of high flow intraoperative cerebral spinal fluid leaks during endoscopic skull base surgery. Am J Rhinol Allergy 23:518\u2013521, 200910.2500\/ajra.2009.23.337819807986"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20022","article-title":"Minimally invasive endoscopic pericranial flap: a new method for endonasal skull base reconstruction","volume":"119","author":"Zanation AM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zanation AM, Snyderman CH, Carrau RL, Kassam AB, Gardner PA, Prevedello DM: Minimally invasive endoscopic pericranial flap: a new method for endonasal skull base reconstruction. Laryngoscope 119:13\u201318, 200910.1002\/lary.2002219117286"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/132\/2\/article-p371.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/132\/2\/article-p371.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/132\/2\/article-p371.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T08:43:55Z","timestamp":1658738635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/132\/2\/article-p371.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.10.jns181556","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}}}