{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T05:20:35Z","timestamp":1761110435394},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ewing sarcoma (ES) is among the most prevalent of bone sarcomas in young people. Less often, it presents as a primary lesion of the spine (5%\u201315% of patients with ES).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed, querying several scientific databases per PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria specified all studies of patients with surgically treated ES located in the spine. Patient age was categorized into three groups: 0\u201313 years (age group 1), 14\u201320 years (age group 2), and &gt; 21 (age group 3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen studies were included, yielding 28 patients with ES of the spine. Sixty-seven percent of patients experienced a favorable outcome, with laminectomies representing the most common (46%) of surgical interventions. One-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 82% (n = 23), 75% (n = 21), and 57% (n = 16), respectively. Patients in age group 2 experienced the greatest mortality rate (75%) compared to age group 1 (9%) and age group 3 (22%). The calculated relative risk score indicated patients in age group 2 were 7.5 times more likely to die than other age groups combined (p = 0.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary ES of the spine is a rare, debilitating disease in which the role of surgery and its impact on one\u2019s quality of life and independence status has not been well described. This study found the majority of patients experienced a favorable outcome with respect to independence status following surgery and adjunctive treatment. An increased risk of recurrence and death was also present among the adolescent age group (14\u201320 years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.10.spine18795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T01:12:26Z","timestamp":1551229946000},"page":"664-673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Outcomes in different age groups with primary Ewing sarcoma of the spine: a systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Garrett K.","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peyton L.","family":"Nisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Whitney S.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, High Desert Surgery Center, Prescott, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen N.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. John","family":"Hurlbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona, Tucson; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2005.04.015","article-title":"An aggressive Ewing sarcoma associated with a new variant translocation, t(4;11;22) (q25;q24;q12), hyperdiploid karyotype, and tetrasomy 8","volume":"163","author":"Abdelmoula NB","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abdelmoula NB, Landman-Parker J, Tourniaire B, Josset P, Boccon-Gibod L, Peter M, : An aggressive Ewing sarcoma associated with a new variant translocation, t(4;11;22) (q25;q24;q12), hyperdiploid karyotype, and tetrasomy 8. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 163:186\u2013188, 2005 (Erratum in Cancer Genet Cytogenet 167:95, 2006)10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2005.04.015"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Pediatr Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.131","article-title":"Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent U.S. girls","volume":"76","author":"Addo OY","year":"2014","unstructured":"Addo OY, Miller BS, Lee PA, Hediger ML, Himes JH: Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent U.S. girls. Pediatr Res 76:564\u2013570, 201410.1038\/pr.2014.13125192395"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E329","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200207010-00024","article-title":"Healing of autologous bone in a titanium mesh cage used in anterior column reconstruction after total spondylectomy","volume":"27","author":"Akamaru T","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akamaru T, Kawahara N, Tsuchiya H, Kobayashi T, Murakami H, Tomita K: Healing of autologous bone in a titanium mesh cage used in anterior column reconstruction after total spondylectomy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 27:E329\u2013E333, 200210.1097\/00007632-200207010-00024"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.169466","article-title":"Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF-1\/IGFBP-3 ratio, and markers of bone turnover: reference values for French children and adolescents and z-score comparability with other references","volume":"57","author":"Alberti C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alberti C, Chevenne D, Mercat I, Josserand E, Armoogum-Boizeau P, Tichet J, : Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF-1\/IGFBP-3 ratio, and markers of bone turnover: reference values for French children and adolescents and z-score comparability with other references. Clin Chem 57:1424\u20131435, 201110.1373\/clinchem.2011.16946621865482"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24251","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes in patients with secondary Ewing sarcoma","volume":"60","author":"Applebaum MA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Applebaum MA, Goldsby R, Neuhaus J, DuBois SG: Clinical features and outcomes in patients with secondary Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 60:611\u2013615, 20132284799010.1002\/pbc.24251"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-2199-x","article-title":"High long-term local control with sacrectomy for primary high-grade bone sarcoma in children","volume":"470","author":"Arkader A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arkader A, Yang CH, Tolo VT: High long-term local control with sacrectomy for primary high-grade bone sarcoma in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 470:1491\u20131497, 201210.1007\/s11999-011-2199-x22139710"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"1587","article-title":"Robust diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma by immunohistochemical detection of super-enhancer-driven EWSR1-ETS targets","volume":"9","author":"Baldauf MC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baldauf MC, Orth MF, Dallmayer M, Marchetto A, Gerke JS, Rubio RA, : Robust diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma by immunohistochemical detection of super-enhancer-driven EWSR1-ETS targets. Oncotarget 9:1587\u20131601, 201729416716"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Oncologist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.11-5-503","article-title":"Ewing\u2019s sarcoma family of tumors: current management","volume":"11","author":"Bernstein M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bernstein M, Kovar H, Paulussen M, Randall RL, Schuck A, Teot LA, : Ewing\u2019s sarcoma family of tumors: current management. Oncologist 11:503\u2013519, 200610.1634\/theoncologist.11-5-50316720851"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20098","article-title":"Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the mobile spine","volume":"15","author":"Boriani S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boriani S, Amendola L, Corghi A, Cappuccio M, Bandiera S, Ferrari S, : Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the mobile spine. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 15:831\u2013839, 20112178055310.18632\/oncotarget.20098"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Fertil Steril","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.10.021","article-title":"Impact of luteinizing hormone administration on gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles: an age-adjusted analysis","volume":"95","author":"Bosch E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bosch E, Labarta E, Crespo J, Sim\u00f3n C, Remoh\u00ed J, Pellicer A: Impact of luteinizing hormone administration on gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles: an age-adjusted analysis. Fertil Steril 95:1031\u20131036, 201110.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.10.02121067717"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Pediatr Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197001000-00003","article-title":"Hormonal changes in puberty. I. Correlation of serum luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone with stages of puberty, testicular size, and bone age in normal boys","volume":"4","author":"Burr IM","year":"1970","unstructured":"Burr IM, Sizonenko PC, Kaplan SL, Grumbach MM: Hormonal changes in puberty. I. Correlation of serum luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone with stages of puberty, testicular size, and bone age in normal boys. Pediatr Res 4:25\u201335, 1970541699610.1203\/00006450-197001000-00003"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Clin Chem","first-page":"863","article-title":"Serum concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone in healthy children","volume":"46","author":"Cioffi M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cioffi M, Corradino M, Gazzerro P, Vietri MT, Di Macchia C, Contursi A, : Serum concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone in healthy children. Clin Chem 46:863\u2013864, 200010839778"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000371987.85090.FF","article-title":"En bloc resection for primary and metastatic tumors of the spine: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"67","author":"Cloyd JM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cloyd JM, Acosta FL Jr, Polley MY, Ames CP: En bloc resection for primary and metastatic tumors of the spine: a systematic review of the literature. Neurosurgery 67:435\u2013445, 20102064443110.1227\/01.NEU.0000371987.85090.FF"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Endogenous gonadal hormone exposure and bone sarcoma risk","volume":"11","author":"Cooley DM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cooley DM, Beranek BC, Schlittler DL, Glickman NW, Glickman LT, Waters DJ: Endogenous gonadal hormone exposure and bone sarcoma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:1434\u20131440, 200212433723"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Support Care Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-008-0418-0","article-title":"Impact of skeletal complications on patients\u2019 quality of life, mobility, and functional independence","volume":"16","author":"Costa L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Costa L, Badia X, Chow E, Lipton A, Wardley A: Impact of skeletal complications on patients\u2019 quality of life, mobility, and functional independence. Support Care Cancer 16:879\u2013889, 200810.1007\/s00520-008-0418-018392862"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.17.3108","article-title":"Prognostic factors in Ewing\u2019s tumor of bone: analysis of 975 patients from the European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma Study Group","volume":"18","author":"Cotterill SJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cotterill SJ, Ahrens S, Paulussen M, J\u00fcrgens HF, Vo\u00fbte PA, Gadner H, : Prognostic factors in Ewing\u2019s tumor of bone: analysis of 975 patients from the European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 18:3108\u20133114, 200010.1200\/JCO.2000.18.17.3108"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Horm Res Paediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000342335","article-title":"Association of lean and fat body mass, bone biomarkers and gonadal steroids with bone mass during pre- and midpuberty","volume":"78","author":"Csakvary V","year":"2012","unstructured":"Csakvary V, Erhardt E, Vargha P, Oroszlan G, Bodecs T, Torok D, : Association of lean and fat body mass, bone biomarkers and gonadal steroids with bone mass during pre- and midpuberty. Horm Res Paediatr 78:203\u2013211, 201210.1159\/00034233523147421"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Imaging of Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions: Techniques and Applications","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77984-1_7","article-title":"Principles of detection and diagnosis","author":"Davies AM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Davies AM, Cassar-Pullicino VN: Principles of detection and diagnosis, in Davies AM, Sundaram M, James SLJ (eds): Imaging of Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions: Techniques and Applications. Berlin: Springer, 2009, pp 111\u201313710.1007\/978-3-540-77984-1_7"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"b19","series-title":"Fertil Steril","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02979-5","article-title":"Androgens and mammary growth and neoplasia","volume":"77","author":"Dimitrakakis C","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dimitrakakis C, Zhou J, Bondy CA: Androgens and mammary growth and neoplasia. Fertil Steril 77 (Suppl 4):S26\u2013S33, 200210.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02979-5"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1190","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001190","article-title":"Revision surgical treatment of a second lumbar Ewing sarcoma: a report of a rare case","volume":"94","author":"Feng H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng H, Wang J, Guo P, Xu J, Feng J: Revision surgical treatment of a second lumbar Ewing sarcoma: a report of a rare case. Medicine (Baltimore) 94:e1190, 201510.1097\/MD.000000000000119026222849"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Oncogene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2016.498","article-title":"Cell-to-cell heterogeneity of EWSR1-FLI1 activity determines proliferation\/migration choices in Ewing sarcoma cells","volume":"36","author":"Franzetti GA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franzetti GA, Laud-Duval K, van der Ent W, Brisac A, Irondelle M, Aubert S, : Cell-to-cell heterogeneity of EWSR1-FLI1 activity determines proliferation\/migration choices in Ewing sarcoma cells. Oncogene 36:3505\u20133514, 201710.1038\/onc.2016.49828135250"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196706)20:6<967::AID-CNCR2820200606>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Stature and malignant tumors of bone in childhood and adolescence","volume":"20","author":"Fraumeni JF Jr","year":"1967","unstructured":"Fraumeni JF Jr: Stature and malignant tumors of bone in childhood and adolescence. Cancer 20:967\u2013973, 196710.1002\/1097-0142(196706)20:6<967::AID-CNCR2820200606>3.0.CO;2-P5229526"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility","first-page":"391","article-title":"The endocrinology of normal puberty","author":"Fritz M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fritz M, Speroff L: The endocrinology of normal puberty, in Fritz M, Speroff L (ed): Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, ed 8. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, pp 391\u2013433"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"2849","article-title":"Serum leptin levels in normal children: relationship to age, gender, body mass index, pituitary-gonadal hormones, and pubertal stage","volume":"82","author":"Garcia-Mayor RV","year":"1997","unstructured":"Garcia-Mayor RV, Andrade MA, Rios M, Lage M, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF: Serum leptin levels in normal children: relationship to age, gender, body mass index, pituitary-gonadal hormones, and pubertal stage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:2849\u20132855, 19979284709"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","first-page":"187","article-title":"Epidemiology of bone cancer in children","volume":"44","author":"Glass AG","year":"1970","unstructured":"Glass AG, Fraumeni JF Jr: Epidemiology of bone cancer in children. J Natl Cancer Inst 44:187\u2013199, 197011515030"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Am J Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000176","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and complications in pediatric Ewing sarcoma","volume":"40","author":"Hamilton SN","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamilton SN, Carlson R, Hasan H, Rassekh SR, Goddard K: Long-term outcomes and complications in pediatric Ewing sarcoma. Am J Clin Oncol 40:423\u2013428, 201710.1097\/COC.000000000000017625599318"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E408","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000085099.47800.DF","article-title":"Primitive neuroectodermal tumor and extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma arising primarily around the spinal column: report of four cases and a review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Harimaya K","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harimaya K, Oda Y, Matsuda S, Tanaka K, Chuman H, Iwamoto Y: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor and extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma arising primarily around the spinal column: report of four cases and a review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 28:E408\u2013E412, 200310.1097\/01.BRS.0000085099.47800.DF"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-004-0810-x","article-title":"Primary Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the vertebral column","volume":"33","author":"Ilaslan H","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ilaslan H, Sundaram M, Unni KK, Dekutoski MB: Primary Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the vertebral column. Skeletal Radiol 33:506\u2013513, 200410.1007\/s00256-004-0810-x15232658"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2581","article-title":"Age in men does not determine gonadotropin-releasing hormone\u2019s dose-dependent stimulation of luteinizing hormone secretion under an exogenous testosterone clamp","volume":"95","author":"Iranmanesh A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Iranmanesh A, Mulligan T, Veldhuis JD: Age in men does not determine gonadotropin-releasing hormone\u2019s dose-dependent stimulation of luteinizing hormone secretion under an exogenous testosterone clamp. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:2877\u20132884, 201010.1210\/jc.2009-258120357176"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyl142","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma","volume":"37","author":"Iwamoto Y","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iwamoto Y: Diagnosis and treatment of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 37:79\u201389, 200710.1093\/jjco\/hyl14217272319"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910801)68:3<648::AID-CNCR2820680335>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Primary spinal epidural extraosseous Ewing\u2019s sarcoma","volume":"68","author":"Kaspers GJ","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kaspers GJ, Kamphorst W, van de Graaff M, van Alphen HA, Veerman AJ: Primary spinal epidural extraosseous Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. Cancer 68:648\u2013654, 1991206528710.1002\/1097-0142(19910801)68:3<648::AID-CNCR2820680335>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E481","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181cd2eee","article-title":"Total excision of a recurrent chondrosarcoma of the thoracic spine: a case report of a seven-year-old boy with fifteen years follow-up","volume":"35","author":"Kawahara N","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kawahara N, Tomita K, Murakami H, Demura S, Yoshioka K, Miyazaki T: Total excision of a recurrent chondrosarcoma of the thoracic spine: a case report of a seven-year-old boy with fifteen years follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 35:E481\u2013E487, 201010.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181cd2eee"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0188-7","article-title":"Primary bone tumours of the spine: a 42-year survey from the Leeds Regional Bone Tumour Registry","volume":"16","author":"Kelley SP","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kelley SP, Ashford RU, Rao AS, Dickson RA: Primary bone tumours of the spine: a 42-year survey from the Leeds Regional Bone Tumour Registry. Eur Spine J 16:405\u2013409, 20071686537610.1007\/s00586-006-0188-7"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109346","article-title":"A validated age-related normative model for male total testosterone shows increasing variance but no decline after age 40 years","volume":"9","author":"Kelsey TW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kelsey TW, Li LQ, Mitchell RT, Whelan A, Anderson RA, Wallace WH: A validated age-related normative model for male total testosterone shows increasing variance but no decline after age 40 years. PLoS One 9:e109346, 201410.1371\/journal.pone.010934625295520"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200008010-00022","article-title":"Extraskeletal Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Kennedy JG","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kennedy JG, Eustace S, Caulfield R, Fennelly DJ, Hurson B, O\u2019Rourke KS: Extraskeletal Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25:1996\u20131999, 200010.1097\/00007632-200008010-0002210908947"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"b36","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2481-y","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma of the thoracic epidural space in a young child","volume":"22","author":"Kobayashi S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kobayashi S, Takahashi J, Sakashita K, Fukushima M, Kato H: Ewing sarcoma of the thoracic epidural space in a young child. Eur Spine J 22 (Suppl 3):S373\u2013S379, 201310.1007\/s00586-012-2481-y"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-004-0294-4","article-title":"Primary cervical spinal epidural extra-osseous Ewing\u2019s sarcoma","volume":"146","author":"Kogawa M","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kogawa M, Asazuma T, Iso K, Koike Y, Domoto H, Aida S, : Primary cervical spinal epidural extra-osseous Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 146:1051\u20131053, 200410.1007\/s00701-004-0294-415340820"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E284","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200206010-00023","article-title":"Nonteratomatous tumors in the pediatric sacral region","volume":"27","author":"Lam CH","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lam CH, Nagib MG: Nonteratomatous tumors in the pediatric sacral region. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 27:E284\u2013E287, 200210.1097\/00007632-200206010-00023"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456030-00017","article-title":"The geographic variation of the incidence of malignant primary bone tumors in Sweden","volume":"56","author":"Larsson SE","year":"1974","unstructured":"Larsson SE, Lorentzon R: The geographic variation of the incidence of malignant primary bone tumors in Sweden. J Bone Joint Surg Am 56:592\u2013600, 1974452282010.2106\/00004623-197456030-00017"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.05.071","article-title":"Image-guided lateral mass osteotomy for en bloc resection of cervical Ewing sarcoma: a technical note","volume":"104","author":"Li JXJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li JXJ, Phan K, Tran TM, Mobbs RJ, Stanford R: Image-guided lateral mass osteotomy for en bloc resection of cervical Ewing sarcoma: a technical note. World Neurosurg 104:628\u2013633, 201710.1016\/j.wneu.2017.05.07128532919"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.03.032","article-title":"Primary spinal tumors in children","volume":"12","author":"Loh JK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loh JK, Lin CK, Hwang YF, Hwang SL, Kwan AL, Howng SL: Primary spinal tumors in children. J Clin Neurosci 12:246\u2013248, 200510.1016\/j.jocn.2004.03.03215851074"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291","article-title":"Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls","volume":"44","author":"Marshall WA","year":"1969","unstructured":"Marshall WA, Tanner JM: Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child 44:291\u2013303, 1969578517910.1136\/adc.44.235.291"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13","article-title":"Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys","volume":"45","author":"Marshall WA","year":"1970","unstructured":"Marshall WA, Tanner JM: Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch Dis Child 45:13\u201323, 1970544018210.1136\/adc.45.239.13"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res (106)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197501000-00049","article-title":"Growth and hormone control mechanisms in osteosarcoma. Evidence for a new therapeutic approach","author":"McMaster JH","year":"1975","unstructured":"McMaster JH, Scranton PE Jr, Drash AL: Growth and hormone control mechanisms in osteosarcoma. Evidence for a new therapeutic approach. Clin Orthop Relat Res (106):366\u2013376, 197510.1097\/00003086-197501000-00049"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"Orthopedics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e995","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20151020-08","article-title":"Total en bloc spondylectomy for primary and metastatic spine tumors","volume":"38","author":"Mesfin A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mesfin A, El Dafrawy MH, Jain A, Hassanzadeh H, Kebaish KM: Total en bloc spondylectomy for primary and metastatic spine tumors. Orthopedics 38:e995\u2013e1000, 201510.3928\/01477447-20151020-08"},{"key":"b46","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol 62:1006\u20131012, 20091963150810.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005"},{"key":"b47","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.10.SPINE10189","article-title":"Survival of patients with malignant primary osseous spinal neoplasms: results from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1973 to 2003","volume":"14","author":"Mukherjee D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mukherjee D, Chaichana KL, Gokaslan ZL, Aaronson O, Cheng JS, McGirt MJ: Survival of patients with malignant primary osseous spinal neoplasms: results from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1973 to 2003. J Neurosurg Spine 14:143\u2013150, 201110.3171\/2010.10.SPINE1018921184634"},{"key":"b48","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960815)78:4<892::AID-CNCR29>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Significance of surgical margin on the prognosis of patients with Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. A report from the Cooperative Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma Study","volume":"78","author":"Ozaki T","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ozaki T, Hillmann A, Hoffmann C, R\u00fcbe C, Blasius S, Dunst J, : Significance of surgical margin on the prognosis of patients with Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. A report from the Cooperative Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma Study. Cancer 78:892\u2013900, 199610.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960815)78:4<892::AID-CNCR29>3.0.CO;2-P8756387"},{"key":"b49","series-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-014-0290-8","article-title":"Surgical treatment of sarcomas of the spine","volume":"15","author":"Ozturk AK","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ozturk AK, Gokaslan ZL, Wolinsky JP: Surgical treatment of sarcomas of the spine. Curr Treat Options Oncol 15:482\u2013492, 20142476040610.1007\/s11864-014-0290-8"},{"key":"b50","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.10.030","article-title":"The Rankin Focused Assessment\u2014Ambulation: A method to score the modified Rankin Scale with emphasis on walking ability","volume":"25","author":"Patel RD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patel RD, Starkman S, Hamilton S, Craig S, Grace A, Conwit R, : The Rankin Focused Assessment\u2014Ambulation: A method to score the modified Rankin Scale with emphasis on walking ability. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 25:2172\u20132176, 201610.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.10.03027450385"},{"key":"b51","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(81)90056-0","article-title":"Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the vertebral column","volume":"7","author":"Pilepich MV","year":"1981","unstructured":"Pilepich MV, Vietti TJ, Nesbit ME, Tefft M, Kissane J, Burgert O, : Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the vertebral column. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 7:27\u201331, 198110.1016\/0360-3016(81)90056-07263337"},{"key":"b52","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br 40-B","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.40B3.574","article-title":"Primary bone-forming tumours and their relationship to skeletal growth","author":"Price CH","year":"1958","unstructured":"Price CH: Primary bone-forming tumours and their relationship to skeletal growth. J Bone Joint Surg Br 40-B:574\u2013593, 195810.1302\/0301-620X.40B3.574"},{"key":"b53","series-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2006.02.004","article-title":"Relationships among self-rated Tanner staging, hormones, and psychosocial factors in healthy female adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Rapkin AJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rapkin AJ, Tsao JCI, Turk N, Anderson M, Zeltzer LK: Relationships among self-rated Tanner staging, hormones, and psychosocial factors in healthy female adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 19:181\u2013187, 200610.1016\/j.jpag.2006.02.00416731411"},{"key":"b54","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E471","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211010-00021","article-title":"Radiosurgical treatment for Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the lumbar spine: case report","volume":"27","author":"Rock J","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rock J, Kole M, Yin FF, Ryu S, Guttierez J, Rosenblum M: Radiosurgical treatment for Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the lumbar spine: case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 27:E471\u2013E475, 200210.1097\/00007632-200211010-00021"},{"key":"b55","series-title":"Zentralbl Neurochir","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1080938","article-title":"Dorsal corporectomy in a Ewing sarcoma situated in the pedicle of the L5 vertebral body","volume":"69","author":"R\u00f6llinghoff M","year":"2008","unstructured":"R\u00f6llinghoff M, Koriller M, Sobottke R, Delank KS, Eysel P: Dorsal corporectomy in a Ewing sarcoma situated in the pedicle of the L5 vertebral body. Zentralbl Neurochir 69:200\u2013203, 200810.1055\/s-2008-1080938"},{"key":"b56","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4136","article-title":"Comparison of detection of normal puberty in girls by a hormonal sleep test and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist test","volume":"98","author":"Rosenfield RL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenfield RL, Bordini B, Yu C: Comparison of detection of normal puberty in girls by a hormonal sleep test and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:1591\u20131601, 201310.1210\/jc.2012-4136"},{"key":"b57","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.96154","article-title":"Primary spinal extradural Ewing\u2019s sarcoma (primitive neuroectodermal tumor): report of a case and meta-analysis of the reported cases in the literature","volume":"3","author":"Saeedinia S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saeedinia S, Nouri M, Alimohammadi M, Moradi H, Amirjamshidi A: Primary spinal extradural Ewing\u2019s sarcoma (primitive neuroectodermal tumor): report of a case and meta-analysis of the reported cases in the literature. Surg Neurol Int 3:55, 20122262949210.4103\/2152-7806.96154"},{"key":"b58","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000158226.49729.6c","article-title":"Multilevel en bloc spondylectomy and chest wall excision via a simultaneous anterior and posterior approach for Ewing sarcoma","volume":"30","author":"Samartzis D","year":"2005","unstructured":"Samartzis D, Marco RA, Benjamin R, Vaporciyan A, Rhines LD: Multilevel en bloc spondylectomy and chest wall excision via a simultaneous anterior and posterior approach for Ewing sarcoma. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 30:831\u2013837, 200510.1097\/01.brs.0000158226.49729.6c"},{"key":"b59","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-001-0356-5","article-title":"Surgical treatment of primary tumors of the sacrum","volume":"122","author":"Sar C","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sar C, Eralp L: Surgical treatment of primary tumors of the sacrum. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 122:148\u2013155, 200210.1007\/s00402-001-0356-511927996"},{"key":"b60","series-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77960-5_10","article-title":"Bone sarcoma of the spine","volume":"179","author":"Schaser KD","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schaser KD, Melcher I, Luzzati A, Disch AC: Bone sarcoma of the spine. Recent Results Cancer Res 179:141\u2013167, 20091923053910.1007\/978-3-540-77960-5_10"},{"issue":"22 Suppl","key":"b61","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ba6436","article-title":"Ewing and osteogenic sarcoma: evidence for multidisciplinary management","volume":"34","author":"Sciubba DM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sciubba DM, Okuno SH, Dekutoski MB, Gokaslan ZL: Ewing and osteogenic sarcoma: evidence for multidisciplinary management. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34 (22 Suppl):S58\u2013S68, 200910.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ba6436"},{"key":"b62","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.3.887","article-title":"Molecular localization of the t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation of Ewing sarcoma by chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization","volume":"88","author":"Selleri L","year":"1991","unstructured":"Selleri L, Hermanson GG, Eubanks JH, Lewis KA, Evans GA: Molecular localization of the t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation of Ewing sarcoma by chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:887\u2013891, 199110.1073\/pnas.88.3.887"},{"key":"b63","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1019","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001019","article-title":"Systematic review of en bloc resection in the management of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the mobile spine with respect to local control and disease-free survival","volume":"94","author":"Sewell MD","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sewell MD, Tan KA, Quraishi NA, Preda C, Varga PP, Williams R: Systematic review of en bloc resection in the management of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the mobile spine with respect to local control and disease-free survival. Medicine (Baltimore) 94:e1019, 201510.1097\/MD.000000000000101926166072"},{"key":"b64","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"610","article-title":"Treatment options in primary Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the spine: report of seven cases and review of the literature","volume":"30","author":"Sharafuddin MJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sharafuddin MJ, Haddad FS, Hitchon PW, Haddad SF, el-Khoury GY: Treatment options in primary Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the spine: report of seven cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 30:610\u2013619, 19921374853"},{"key":"b65","series-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1053\/ejso.2001.1164","article-title":"A long-term review of the treatment of patients with Ewing\u2019s sarcoma in one institution","volume":"27","author":"Sluga M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sluga M, Windhager R, Lang S, Heinzl H, Krepler P, Mittermayer F, : A long-term review of the treatment of patients with Ewing\u2019s sarcoma in one institution. Eur J Surg Oncol 27:569\u2013573, 20011152009110.1053\/ejso.2001.1164"},{"key":"b66","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEON.0000041888.33499.03","article-title":"Tumors of the osseous spine","volume":"69","author":"Sundaresan N","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sundaresan N, Boriani S, Rothman A, Holtzman R: Tumors of the osseous spine. J Neurooncol 69:273\u2013290, 20041552709610.1023\/B:NEON.0000041888.33499.03"},{"key":"b67","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01411053","article-title":"Primary spinal column sarcomas","volume":"138","author":"Tasdemiroglu E","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tasdemiroglu E, Bagatur E, Ayan I, Darendeliler E, Patchell RA: Primary spinal column sarcomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 138:1261\u20131266, 199610.1007\/BF014110538980727"},{"key":"b68","series-title":"Support Care Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s005200050099","article-title":"Quality of life and independence in activities of daily living preoperatively and at follow-up in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"5","author":"Ulander K","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ulander K, Jeppsson B, Grahn G: Quality of life and independence in activities of daily living preoperatively and at follow-up in patients with colorectal cancer. Support Care Cancer 5:402\u2013409, 199710.1007\/s0052000500999322353"},{"key":"b69","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-002-0429-3","article-title":"Bone histomorphometric evaluation of a clinically fused titanium tumour cage in a child","volume":"11","author":"van Dijk M","year":"2002","unstructured":"van Dijk M, Smit TH, Burger EH, Wuisman PI: Bone histomorphometric evaluation of a clinically fused titanium tumour cage in a child. Eur Spine J 11:507\u2013511, 200210.1007\/s00586-002-0429-3"},{"key":"b70","series-title":"Clin Sarcoma Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13569-018-0093-y","article-title":"Survival is influenced by approaches to local treatment of Ewing sarcoma within an international randomised controlled trial: analysis of EICESS-92","volume":"8","author":"Whelan J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whelan J, Hackshaw A, McTiernan A, Grimer R, Spooner D, Bate J, : Survival is influenced by approaches to local treatment of Ewing sarcoma within an international randomised controlled trial: analysis of EICESS-92. Clin Sarcoma Res 8:6, 20182961065910.1186\/s13569-018-0093-y"},{"key":"b71","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24860","article-title":"Provider views on the management of Ewing sarcoma of the spine and pelvis","volume":"117","author":"Zhu C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu C, Olson KA, Roth M, Geller DS, Gorlick RG, Gill J, : Provider views on the management of Ewing sarcoma of the spine and pelvis. J Surg Oncol 117:417\u2013424, 20182904458210.1002\/jso.24860"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/30\/5\/article-p664.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/30\/5\/article-p664.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/30\/5\/article-p664.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T22:35:27Z","timestamp":1681598127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/30\/5\/article-p664.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.10.spine18795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}}}