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The authors evaluated the effectiveness of allogeneic adipose tissue\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cell sheets in a rat model of stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The animals, subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, were randomly divided in two groups: one in which a cell sheet was transplanted and the other in which a vehicle was used (n = 10\/group). Over a period of 14 days after transplantation, the animals\u2019 behavior was evaluated, after which brain tissue samples were removed and fixed, and the extent of angiogenesis and infarct areas was evaluated histologically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to the vehicle group, in the cell sheet group functional angiogenesis and neurogenesis were significantly increased, which resulted in behavioral improvement. Transplanted cells were identified within newly formed perivascular walls as pericytes, a proportion of which were functional. Newly formed blood vessels were found within the cell sheet that had anastomosed to the cerebral blood vessels in the host.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transplantation approach described here is expected to provide not only a paracrine effect but also a direct cell effect resulting in cell replacement that protects the damaged neurovascular unit. The behavioral improvement seen with this transplantation approach provides the basis for further research on cell sheet\u2013based regenerative treatment as a translational treatment for patients with stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.11.jns182331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:16:02Z","timestamp":1551226562000},"page":"442-455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheet that produces neurological improvement with angiogenesis and neurogenesis in a rat stroke model"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Bikei","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Sekine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Homma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takakazu","family":"Kawamata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Front Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00155","article-title":"The dark side of the force\u2014constraints and complications of cell therapies for stroke","volume":"6","author":"Boltze J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boltze J, Arnold A, Walczak P, Jolkkonen J, Cui L, Wagner DC: The dark side of the force\u2014constraints and complications of cell therapies for stroke. 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