{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:25:01Z","timestamp":1794018301670,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the sinonasal cavity. Surgery has been and remains a mainstay of treatment for patients with this tumor. Open craniofacial resections have been the treatment of choice for many decades. More recently, experience has been growing with endoscopic approaches in the management of patients with ONB. The object of this study is to report the authors\u2019 experience over the past 11 years with ONB patients treated with purely endonasal endoscopic techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors performed a retrospective chart review of 20 consecutive patients with ONB who underwent a completely endonasal endoscopic approach for an oncological tumor resection at their institution between January 2006 and January 2017. Patient demographics, tumor stage, pathological grade, frozen section analysis, permanent margin assessment, perioperative complications, postoperative therapy, length of follow-up, and outcomes at last follow-up were collected and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen patients presented with newly diagnosed disease, with a modified Kadish stage of A in 2 cases, B in 3, C in 11, and D in 2. Two patients presented with recurrent tumors. An average of 25.3 specimens per patient were examined by frozen section analysis. Although analysis of intraoperative frozen section margins was negative in all but 1 case, microscopic foci of tumor were found in 7 cases (35%) on permanent histopathological analysis. Perioperative complications occurred in 7 patients (35%) including 1 patient who developed a cerebrospinal fluid leak; there were no episodes of meningitis. All but 1 patient received postoperative radiotherapy, and 5 patients received postoperative chemotherapy. With a mean follow-up of over 5 years, 19 patients were alive and 1 patient died from an unrelated cause. There were 2 cases of tumor recurrence. The 5-year overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival rates were 92.9%, 100%, and 92.9%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current results provide additional evidence for the continued use of endoscopic procedures in the management of this malignancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.2.jns171424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T09:59:50Z","timestamp":1533290390000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Endonasal endoscopic resection of olfactory neuroblastoma: an 11-year experience"],"prefix":"10.3171","author":[{"given":"Gary L.","family":"Gallia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"Oncology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony O.","family":"Asemota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari M.","family":"Blitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas D.","family":"Reh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol","first-page":"25","article-title":"Rigid endoscopy in minimally invasive therapy of tumors of the paranasal sinuses and skull base","volume":"8","author":"Anderhuber W","year":"1999","unstructured":"Anderhuber W, Stammberger H, Walch C, Fock C, Regauer S, Luxenberger W, : Rigid endoscopy in minimally invasive therapy of tumors of the paranasal sinuses and skull base. 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Radiol Clin North Am 55:17\u201330, 2017"},{"issue":"4A","key":"b4","series-title":"Anticancer Res","first-page":"2683","article-title":"Esthesioneuroblastoma: a general review of the cases published since the discovery of the tumour in 1924","volume":"17","author":"Broich G","year":"1997","unstructured":"Broich G, Pagliari A, Ottaviani F: Esthesioneuroblastoma: a general review of the cases published since the discovery of the tumour in 1924. Anticancer Res 17 (4A):2683\u20132706, 1997"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1412","article-title":"Treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma: a 16-year meta-analysis of 361 patients","volume":"119","author":"Devaiah AK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Devaiah AK, Andreoli MT: Treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma: a 16-year meta-analysis of 361 patients. 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