{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T17:48:04Z","timestamp":1759340884781},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic> is a gram-negative bacillus implicated in cat-scratch disease. Cat-scratch disease is usually self-limiting and results in local lymphadenopathy. In rare circumstances, patients may develop endocarditis, neuroretinitis, or osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis of the cervical spine is exceedingly rare, especially in the pediatric population, and to date there have been only 4 previously reported cases of cervical spine osteomyelitis caused by <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>, all of which were treated surgically. In this article, the authors report the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with neck swelling and was found to have a C2\u20134 paravertebral <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic> abscess with osteomyelitis of C-3 and epidural extension. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this represents the first case in the literature of a cervical spine <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic> infection managed conservatively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.2.peds17600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]],"date-time":"2018-05-25T13:56:01Z","timestamp":1527256561000},"page":"189-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bartonella henselae infection presenting as cervical spine osteomyelitis: case report"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Syed Hassan A.","family":"Akbari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Averill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarod L.","family":"Roland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Orscheln","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Strahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"South Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000163305.50078.63","article-title":"Disseminated cat scratch disease with vertebral osteomyelitis and epidural abscess","volume":"98","author":"Abdel-Haq N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abdel-Haq N, Abuhammour W, Al-Tatari H, Asmar B: Disseminated cat scratch disease with vertebral osteomyelitis and epidural abscess. South Med J 98:1142\u20131145, 20051635103810.1097\/01.SMJ.0000163305.50078.63"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-011-2087-2","article-title":"Thoracic vertebral osteomyelitis with paraspinous mass and intraspinal extension: an atypical presentation of cat-scratch disease","volume":"42","author":"Al-Rahawan MM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Rahawan MM, Gray BM, Mitchell CS, Smith SD: Thoracic vertebral osteomyelitis with paraspinous mass and intraspinal extension: an atypical presentation of cat-scratch disease. Pediatr Radiol 42:116\u2013119, 201210.1007\/s00247-011-2087-221594549"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"942","article-title":"Detection of Rochalimaea henselae DNA in specimens from cat scratch disease patients by PCR","volume":"32","author":"Anderson B","year":"1994","unstructured":"Anderson B, Sims K, Regnery R, Robinson L, Schmidt MJ, Goral S, : Detection of Rochalimaea henselae DNA in specimens from cat scratch disease patients by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 32:942\u2013948, 19948027347"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.6.1503","article-title":"EIA for detection of Rochalimaea henselae-reactive IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies in patients with suspected cat-scratch disease","volume":"167","author":"Barka NE","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barka NE, Hadfield T, Patnaik M, Schwartzman WA, Peter JB: EIA for detection of Rochalimaea henselae-reactive IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies in patients with suspected cat-scratch disease. J Infect Dis 167:1503\u20131504, 1993850135010.1093\/infdis\/167.6.1503"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1897","article-title":"Pitfalls and fallacies of cat scratch disease serology: evaluation of Bartonella henselae-based indirect fluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunoassay","volume":"35","author":"Bergmans AM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bergmans AM, Peeters MF, Schellekens JF, Vos MC, Sabbe LJ, Ossewaarde JM, : Pitfalls and fallacies of cat scratch disease serology: evaluation of Bartonella henselae-based indirect fluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 35:1931\u20131937, 1997923035810.1542\/peds.2007-1897"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.12.3741-3742.1998","article-title":"Differentiation of Bartonella species using restriction endonuclease analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes","volume":"129","author":"Birtles RJ","year":"1995","unstructured":"Birtles RJ: Differentiation of Bartonella species using restriction endonuclease analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 129:261\u2013265, 1995754175810.1128\/JCM.36.12.3741-3742.1998"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Robert Koch, a Life in Medicine and Bacteriology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344791","author":"Brock TD","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brock TD: Robert Koch, a Life in Medicine and Bacteriology. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 199910.1086\/344791"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.1.177-207.2001","article-title":"Endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria","volume":"14","author":"Brouqui P","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brouqui P, Raoult D: Endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:177\u2013207, 20011114800910.1128\/CMR.14.1.177-207.2001"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1769-5","article-title":"Cat-scratch disease in Northern Italy: atypical clinical manifestations in humans and prevalence of Bartonella infection in cats","volume":"32","author":"Brunetti E","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brunetti E, Fabbi M, Ferraioli G, Prati P, Filice C, Sassera D, : Cat-scratch disease in Northern Italy: atypical clinical manifestations in humans and prevalence of Bartonella infection in cats. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 32:531\u2013534, 20132313268810.1007\/s10096-012-1769-5"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1985.02140130062031","article-title":"Cat-scratch disease. An overview based on a study of 1,200 patients","volume":"139","author":"Carithers HA","year":"1985","unstructured":"Carithers HA: Cat-scratch disease. An overview based on a study of 1,200 patients. Am J Dis Child 139:1124\u20131133, 1985406140810.1001\/archpedi.1985.02140130062031"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Rev Sci Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.19.1.1204","article-title":"Cat-scratch disease","volume":"19","author":"Chomel BB","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chomel BB: Cat-scratch disease. Rev Sci Tech 19:136\u2013150, 200010.20506\/rst.19.1.120411189710"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430150164017","article-title":"Use of Bartonella antigens for serologic diagnosis of cat-scratch disease at a national referral center","volume":"155","author":"Dalton MJ","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dalton MJ, Robinson LE, Cooper J, Regnery RL, Olson JG, Childs JE: Use of Bartonella antigens for serologic diagnosis of cat-scratch disease at a national referral center. Arch Intern Med 155:1670\u20131676, 199510.1001\/archinte.1995.00430150164017"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1413","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1897","article-title":"Beyond cat scratch disease: widening spectrum of Bartonella henselae infection","volume":"121","author":"Florin TA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Florin TA, Zaoutis TE, Zaoutis LB: Beyond cat scratch disease: widening spectrum of Bartonella henselae infection. Pediatrics 121:e1413\u2013e1425, 200810.1542\/peds.2007-1897"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1086\/324162","article-title":"Enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease defined by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"33","author":"Giladi M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Giladi M, Kletter Y, Avidor B, Metzkor-Cotter E, Varon M, Golan Y, : Enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease defined by polymerase chain reaction. Clin Infect Dis 33:1852\u20131858, 200110.1086\/324162"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Infect","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.10.045","article-title":"Bone infection in cat-scratch disease: a review of the literature","volume":"54","author":"Hajjaji N","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hajjaji N, Hocqueloux L, Kerdraon R, Bret L: Bone infection in cat-scratch disease: a review of the literature. J Infect 54:417\u2013421, 200710.1016\/j.jinf.2006.10.04517140668"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.2.570","article-title":"Cat-scratch disease\u2014Connecticut, 1992\u20131993","volume":"172","author":"Hamilton DH","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hamilton DH, Zangwill KM, Hadler JL, Cartter ML: Cat-scratch disease\u2014Connecticut, 1992\u20131993. J Infect Dis 172:570\u2013573, 1995762290810.1093\/infdis\/172.2.570"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1086\/514787","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis associated with cat-scratch disease","volume":"28","author":"Hulzebos CV","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hulzebos CV, Koetse HA, Kimpen JL, Wolfs TF: Vertebral osteomyelitis associated with cat-scratch disease. Clin Infect Dis 28:1310\u20131312, 199910.1086\/51478710451173"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1159\/000098395","article-title":"Cat scratch disease with epidural extension while on antimicrobial treatment","volume":"43","author":"Hussain S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hussain S, Rathore MH: Cat scratch disease with epidural extension while on antimicrobial treatment. Pediatr Neurosurg 43:164\u2013166, 20071733793410.1159\/000098395"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Am J Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.12.1707","article-title":"Cat scratch disease in the United States: an analysis of three national databases","volume":"83","author":"Jackson LA","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jackson LA, Perkins BA, Wenger JD: Cat scratch disease in the United States: an analysis of three national databases. Am J Public Health 83:1707\u20131711, 1993825979910.2105\/AJPH.83.12.1707"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol","first-page":"8","article-title":"Natural history of Bartonella infections (an exception to Koch\u2019s postulate)","volume":"9","author":"Jacomo V","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jacomo V, Kelly PJ, Raoult D: Natural history of Bartonella infections (an exception to Koch\u2019s postulate). Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9:8\u201318, 200211777823"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Hepatosplenic abscesses and osteomyelitis of the spine in an immunocompetent adult with cat scratch disease","volume":"317260","author":"Knafl D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knafl D, L\u00f6tsch F, Burgmann H, Goliasch G, Poeppl W, Ramharter M, : Hepatosplenic abscesses and osteomyelitis of the spine in an immunocompetent adult with cat scratch disease. Case Rep Infect Dis 2015:317260, 2015"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/108.2.202","article-title":"Immunologic response to Bartonella henselae as determined by enzyme immunoassay and Western blot analysis","volume":"108","author":"Litwin CM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Litwin CM, Martins TB, Hill HR: Immunologic response to Bartonella henselae as determined by enzyme immunoassay and Western blot analysis. Am J Clin Pathol 108:202\u2013209, 199710.1093\/ajcp\/108.2.2029260762"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Eur J Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051298","article-title":"Widening of the clinical spectrum of Bartonella henselae infection as recognized through serodiagnostics","volume":"159","author":"Massei F","year":"2000","unstructured":"Massei F, Messina F, Talini I, Massimetti M, Palla G, Macchia P, : Widening of the clinical spectrum of Bartonella henselae infection as recognized through serodiagnostics. Eur J Pediatr 159:416\u2013419, 200010.1007\/s00431005129810867845"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Postepy Dermatol Alergol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2014.44014","article-title":"Cat-scratch disease: a wide spectrum of clinical pictures","volume":"32","author":"Mazur-Melewska K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mazur-Melewska K, Mania A, Kemnitz P, Figlerowicz M, S\u0142u\u017cewski W: Cat-scratch disease: a wide spectrum of clinical pictures. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 32:216\u2013220, 201510.5114\/pdia.2014.4401426161064"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.02.007","article-title":"Bartonella henselae osteoarthritis of the upper cervical spine in a 14-year-old boy","volume":"101","author":"Mirouse G","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirouse G, Journe A, Casabianca L, Moreau PE, Pannier S, Glorion C: Bartonella henselae osteoarthritis of the upper cervical spine in a 14-year-old boy. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 101:519\u2013522, 201510.1016\/j.otsr.2015.02.007"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012063232302","article-title":"Clinical and pathological features of bacillary peliosis hepatis in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"323","author":"Perkocha LA","year":"1990","unstructured":"Perkocha LA, Geaghan SM, Yen TS, Nishimura SL, Chan SP, Garcia-Kennedy R, : Clinical and pathological features of bacillary peliosis hepatis in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 323:1581\u20131586, 1990223394610.1056\/NEJM199012063232302"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91760-6","article-title":"Naturally occurring \u201cRochalimaea henselae\u201d infection in domestic cat","volume":"340","author":"Regnery R","year":"1992","unstructured":"Regnery R, Martin M, Olson J: Naturally occurring \u201cRochalimaea henselae\u201d infection in domestic cat. Lancet 340:557\u2013558, 1992135431410.1016\/0140-6736(92)91760-6"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92032-B","article-title":"Serological response to \u201cRochalimaea henselae\u201d antigen in suspected cat-scratch disease","volume":"339","author":"Regnery RL","year":"1992","unstructured":"Regnery RL, Olson JG, Perkins BA, Bibb W: Serological response to \u201cRochalimaea henselae\u201d antigen in suspected cat-scratch disease. Lancet 339:1443\u20131445, 1992135113010.1016\/0140-6736(92)92032-B"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2451-x","article-title":"Spectrum of radiological manifestations of paediatric cat-scratch disease","volume":"42","author":"Rohr A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rohr A, Saettele MR, Patel SA, Lawrence CA, Lowe LH: Spectrum of radiological manifestations of paediatric cat-scratch disease. Pediatr Radiol 42:1380\u20131384, 201210.1007\/s00247-012-2451-x22797536"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1086\/314029","article-title":"Portal vein and bone involvement in disseminated cat-scratch disease: report of 2 cases","volume":"31","author":"Ruess M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ruess M, Sander A, Brandis M, Berner R: Portal vein and bone involvement in disseminated cat-scratch disease: report of 2 cases. Clin Infect Dis 31:818\u2013821, 20001101783910.1086\/314029"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011280","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of cat scratch disease: response to Bartonella henselae in children and a review of diagnostic methods","volume":"20","author":"Sander A","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sander A, Berner R, Ruess M: Serodiagnosis of cat scratch disease: response to Bartonella henselae in children and a review of diagnostic methods. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 20:392\u2013401, 200110.1007\/PL00011280"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181a3242e","article-title":"Cat scratch disease with cervical vertebral osteomyelitis and spinal epidural abscess","volume":"28","author":"Tasher D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tasher D, Armarnik E, Mizrahi A, Liat BS, Constantini S, Grisaru-Soen G: Cat scratch disease with cervical vertebral osteomyelitis and spinal epidural abscess. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:848\u2013850, 200910.1097\/INF.0b013e3181a3242e19654566"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"e141","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Bartonella henselae in adults: a report of 2 cases","volume":"35","author":"Verdon R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Verdon R, Geffray L, Collet T, Huet H, Parienti JJ, Debruyne M, : Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Bartonella henselae in adults: a report of 2 cases. Clin Infect Dis 35:e141\u2013e144, 2002"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000246807.14916.d3","article-title":"Transient paresis associated with cat-scratch disease: case report and literature review of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella henselae","volume":"25","author":"Vermeulen MJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vermeulen MJ, Rutten GJ, Verhagen I, Peeters MF, van Dijken PJ: Transient paresis associated with cat-scratch disease: case report and literature review of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella henselae. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:1177\u20131181, 20061713316610.1097\/01.inf.0000246807.14916.d3"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.3430-3432.2003","article-title":"Osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella henselae genotype I in an immunocompetent adult woman","volume":"41","author":"Woestyn S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Woestyn S, Moreau M, Munting E, Bigaignon G, Delm\u00e9e M: Osteomyelitis caused by Bartonella henselae genotype I in an immunocompetent adult woman. J Clin Microbiol 41:3430\u20133432, 200310.1128\/JCM.41.7.3430-3432.2003"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"3741","article-title":"Bartonella henselae-based indirect fluorescence assays are useful for diagnosis of cat scratch disease","volume":"36","author":"Zbinden R","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zbinden R: Bartonella henselae-based indirect fluorescence assays are useful for diagnosis of cat scratch disease. J Clin Microbiol 36:3741\u20133742, 19989867494"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/22\/2\/article-p189.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/22\/2\/article-p189.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/22\/2\/article-p189.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T13:38:11Z","timestamp":1681565891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/22\/2\/article-p189.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.2.peds17600","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}}}