{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T02:07:30Z","timestamp":1774404450047,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) continues to be a problematic occurrence impacting approximately 1.5 per 1000 live births in the United States, with 10%\u201340% of these infants experiencing permanent disability. These children lose elbow flexion, and one surgical option for recovering it is the Oberlin transfer. Published data support the use of the ulnar nerve fascicle that innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris as the donor nerve in adults, but no analogous published data exist for infants. This study investigated the association of ulnar nerve fascicle choice with functional elbow flexion outcome in NBPP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors conducted a retrospective study of 13 cases in which infants underwent ulnar to musculocutaneous nerve transfer for NBPP at a single institution. They collected data on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, active range of motion (AROM), and intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) (using 4 ulnar nerve index muscles). Standard statistical analysis compared pre- and postoperative motor function improvement between specific fascicle transfer (1\u20132 muscles for either wrist flexion or hand intrinsics) and nonspecific fascicle transfer (&gt; 2 muscles for wrist flexion and hand intrinsics) groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patients\u2019 average age at initial clinic visit was 2.9 months, and their average age at surgical intervention was 7.4 months. All NBPPs were unilateral; the majority of patients were female (61%), were Caucasian (69%), had right-sided NBPP (61%), and had Narakas grade I or II injuries (54%). IONM recordings for the fascicular dissection revealed a donor fascicle with nonspecific innervation in 6 (46%) infants and specific innervation in the remaining 7 (54%) patients. At 6-month follow-up, the AROM improvement in elbow flexion in adduction was 38\u00b0 in the specific fascicle transfer group versus 36\u00b0 in the nonspecific fascicle transfer group, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.93).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both specific and nonspecific fascicle transfers led to functional recovery, but that the composition of the donor fascicle had no impact on early outcomes. In young infants, ulnar nerve fascicular dissection places the ulnar nerve at risk for iatrogenic damage. The data from this study suggest that the use of any motor fascicle, specific or nonspecific, produces similar results and that the Oberlin transfer can be performed with less intrafascicular dissection, less time of surgical exposure, and less potential for donor site morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.3.peds17529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T13:55:32Z","timestamp":1527861332000},"page":"181-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of fascicle composition on ulnar to musculocutaneous nerve transfer (Oberlin transfer) in neonatal brachial plexus palsy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Brandon W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Chulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann A.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate W. C.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynda J. S.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.JNS132823","article-title":"Upper brachial plexus injury in adults: comparative effectiveness of different repair techniques","volume":"122","author":"Ali ZS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ali ZS, Heuer GG, Faught RWF, Kaneriya SH, Sheikh UA, Syed IS, : Upper brachial plexus injury in adults: comparative effectiveness of different repair techniques. J Neurosurg 122:195\u2013201, 20152536148510.3171\/2014.9.JNS132823"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21538","article-title":"Does obstetric brachial plexus injury influence speech dominance?","volume":"65","author":"Auer T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Auer T, Pinter S, Kovacs N, Kalmar Z, Nagy F, Horvath RA, : Does obstetric brachial plexus injury influence speech dominance? Ann Neurol 65:57\u201366, 20091919488010.1002\/ana.21538"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.8.FOCUS09137","article-title":"Intraoperative mapping and monitoring of brain functions for the resection of low-grade gliomas: technical considerations","volume":"27","author":"Bertani G","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bertani G, Fava E, Casaceli G, Carrabba G, Casarotti A, Papagno C, : Intraoperative mapping and monitoring of brain functions for the resection of low-grade gliomas: technical considerations. Neurosurg Focus 27(4):E4, 20091979595310.3171\/2009.8.FOCUS09137"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b4","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144e","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00507-2","article-title":"Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"124","author":"Borschel GH","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borschel GH, Clarke HM: Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Plast Reconstr Surg 124 (1 Suppl):144e\u2013155e, 200910.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00507-2"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Perinatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1571351","article-title":"Persistence of neonatal brachial plexus palsy associated with maternally reported route of delivery: review of 387 cases","volume":"33","author":"Chang KWC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang KWC, Ankumah NAE, Wilson TJ, Yang LJS, Chauhan SP: Persistence of neonatal brachial plexus palsy associated with maternally reported route of delivery: review of 387 cases. Am J Perinatol 33:765\u2013769, 20162689043510.1055\/s-0036-1571351"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Hand Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2008.04.002","article-title":"An approach to obstetrical brachial plexus injuries","volume":"11","author":"Clarke HM","year":"1995","unstructured":"Clarke HM, Curtis CG: An approach to obstetrical brachial plexus injuries. Hand Clin 11:563\u2013581, 1995856773910.1016\/j.hcl.2008.04.002"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.04.046","article-title":"Differences in brain adaptive functional reorganization in right and left total brachial plexus injury patients","volume":"84","author":"Feng JT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng JT, Liu HQ, Xu JG, Gu YD, Shen YD: Differences in brain adaptive functional reorganization in right and left total brachial plexus injury patients. World Neurosurg 84:702\u2013708, 201510.1016\/j.wneu.2015.04.04625936903"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-3007-9","article-title":"Oberlin\u2019s procedure in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"32","author":"Figueiredo RM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Figueiredo RM, Grechi G, Gepp RA: Oberlin\u2019s procedure in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Childs Nerv Syst 32:1085\u20131091, 201610.1007\/s00381-015-3007-9"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01602","article-title":"Comparison of nerve transfers and nerve grafting for traumatic upper plexus palsy: a systematic review and analysis","volume":"93","author":"Garg R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garg R, Merrell GA, Hillstrom HJ, Wolfe SW: Comparison of nerve transfers and nerve grafting for traumatic upper plexus palsy: a systematic review and analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93:819\u2013829, 20112154367210.2106\/JBJS.I.01602"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Chirurgie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00264-X","article-title":"[Surgical repair of the brachial plexus in obstetric paralysis.]","volume":"110","author":"Gilbert A","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gilbert A, Tassin JL: [Surgical repair of the brachial plexus in obstetric paralysis.] Chirurgie 110:70\u201375, 1984 (Fr)673435010.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00264-X"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.07.007","article-title":"Cerebral plasticity: Windows of opportunity in the developing brain","volume":"21","author":"Ismail FY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ismail FY, Fatemi A, Johnston MV: Cerebral plasticity: Windows of opportunity in the developing brain. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 21:23\u201348, 20172756727610.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.07.007"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Dev Disabil Res Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.64","article-title":"Plasticity in the developing brain: implications for rehabilitation","volume":"15","author":"Johnston MV","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johnston MV: Plasticity in the developing brain: implications for rehabilitation. Dev Disabil Res Rev 15:94\u2013101, 200910.1002\/ddrr.6419489084"},{"issue":"215","key":"b13","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"233","article-title":"Early microsurgical reconstruction in birth palsy","author":"Kawabata H","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kawabata H, Masada K, Tsuyuguchi Y, Kawai H, Ono K, Tada R: Early microsurgical reconstruction in birth palsy. Clin Orthop Relat Res (215):233\u2013242, 19873802642"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2008.04.002","article-title":"Brain plasticity and behaviour in the developing brain","volume":"20","author":"Kolb B","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kolb B, Gibb R: Brain plasticity and behaviour in the developing brain. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20:265\u2013276, 20112211460810.1016\/j.hcl.2008.04.002"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Hand Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00485-6","article-title":"Nerve transfers in brachial plexus birth palsies: indications, techniques, and outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Kozin SH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kozin SH: Nerve transfers in brachial plexus birth palsies: indications, techniques, and outcomes. Hand Clin 24:363\u2013376, v, 200810.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00485-6"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01405","article-title":"Early functional recovery of elbow flexion and supination following median and\/or ulnar nerve fascicle transfer in upper neonatal brachial plexus palsy","volume":"96","author":"Little KJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Little KJ, Zlotolow DA, Soldado F, Cornwall R, Kozin SH: Early functional recovery of elbow flexion and supination following median and\/or ulnar nerve fascicle transfer in upper neonatal brachial plexus palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 96:215\u2013221, 201410.2106\/JBJS.L.0140524500583"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Ann Chir Main Memb Super","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-9053(97)80040-3","article-title":"[Ulnar nerve fascicle transfer onto to the biceps muscle nerve in C5-C6 or C5-C6-C7 avulsions of the brachial plexus. Eighteen cases.]","volume":"16","author":"Loy S","year":"1997","unstructured":"Loy S, Bhatia A, Asfazadourian H, Oberlin C: [Ulnar nerve fascicle transfer onto to the biceps muscle nerve in C5-C6 or C5-C6-C7 avulsions of the brachial plexus. Eighteen cases.] Ann Chir Main Memb Super 16:275\u2013284, 1997 (Fr)10.1016\/S0753-9053(97)80040-39479435"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Clin Monit Comput","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-006-9033-0","article-title":"Intraoperative motor evoked potential monitoring: overview and update","volume":"20","author":"Macdonald DB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Macdonald DB: Intraoperative motor evoked potential monitoring: overview and update. J Clin Monit Comput 20:347\u2013377, 20061683258010.1007\/s10877-006-9033-0"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Hand Clin","first-page":"643","article-title":"Nerve transfers. New options for reconstruction following nerve injury","volume":"15","author":"Mackinnon SE","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mackinnon SE, Novak CB: Nerve transfers. New options for reconstruction following nerve injury. Hand Clin 15:643\u2013666, ix, 1999"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.05.014","article-title":"Results of reinnervation of the biceps and brachialis muscles with a double fascicular transfer for elbow flexion","volume":"30","author":"Mackinnon SE","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mackinnon SE, Novak CB, Myckatyn TM, Tung TH: Results of reinnervation of the biceps and brachialis muscles with a double fascicular transfer for elbow flexion. J Hand Surg Am 30:978\u2013985, 20051618205410.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.05.014"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e174","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00547","article-title":"Neonatal brachial plexus palsy with neurotmesis of C5 and avulsion of C6: supraclavicular reconstruction strategies and outcome","volume":"96","author":"Malessy MJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malessy MJ, Pondaag W: Neonatal brachial plexus palsy with neurotmesis of C5 and avulsion of C6: supraclavicular reconstruction strategies and outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 96:e174, 201410.2106\/JBJS.M.0054725320204"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26193","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026193","article-title":"Severe obstetric brachial plexus palsies can be identified at one month of age","volume":"6","author":"Malessy MJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malessy MJ, Pondaag W, Yang LJ, Hofstede-Buitenhuis SM, le Cessie S, van Dijk JG: Severe obstetric brachial plexus palsies can be identified at one month of age. PLoS One 6:e26193, 20112204330910.1371\/journal.pone.0026193"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Hand Clin","first-page":"131","article-title":"Nerve transfers in the upper extremity","volume":"16","author":"Nath RK","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nath RK, Mackinnon SE: Nerve transfers in the upper extremity. Hand Clin 16:131\u2013139, ix, 2000"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/00130911-200206000-00007","article-title":"Restoration of elbow flexion in brachial plexus injury by transfer of ulnar nerve fascicles to the nerve to the biceps muscle","volume":"6","author":"Oberlin C","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oberlin C, Ameur NE, Teboul F, Beaulieu JY, Vacher C: Restoration of elbow flexion in brachial plexus injury by transfer of ulnar nerve fascicles to the nerve to the biceps muscle. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg 6:86\u201390, 200210.1097\/00130911-200206000-0000716520622"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90011-6","article-title":"Nerve transfer to biceps muscle using a part of ulnar nerve for C5\u2013C6 avulsion of the brachial plexus: anatomical study and report of four cases","volume":"19","author":"Oberlin C","year":"1994","unstructured":"Oberlin C, B\u00e9al D, Leechavengvongs S, Salon A, Dauge MC, Sarcy JJ: Nerve transfer to biceps muscle using a part of ulnar nerve for C5\u2013C6 avulsion of the brachial plexus: anatomical study and report of four cases. J Hand Surg Am 19:232\u2013237, 1994820118610.1016\/0363-5023(94)90011-6"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003668","article-title":"Comparing the efficacy of triple nerve transfers with nerve graft reconstruction in upper trunk obstetrical brachial plexus injury","volume":"140","author":"O\u2019Grady KM","year":"2017","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady KM, Power HA, Olson JL, Morhart MJ, Harrop AR, Watt MJ, : Comparing the efficacy of triple nerve transfers with nerve graft reconstruction in upper trunk obstetrical brachial plexus injury. Plast Reconstr Surg 140:747\u2013756, 201710.1097\/PRS.0000000000003668"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00463.x","article-title":"Natural history of obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Pondaag W","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pondaag W, Malessy MJ, van Dijk JG, Thomeer RT: Natural history of obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 46:138\u2013144, 200410.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00463.x14974639"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001029","article-title":"Motor nerve transfers: a comprehensive review","volume":"78","author":"Ray WZ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ray WZ, Chang J, Hawasli A, Wilson TJ, Yang L: Motor nerve transfers: a comprehensive review. Neurosurgery 78:1\u201326, 20162639775110.1227\/NEU.0000000000001029"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.1.JNS10810","article-title":"Double fascicular nerve transfer to the biceps and brachialis muscles after brachial plexus injury: clinical outcomes in a series of 29 cases","volume":"114","author":"Ray WZ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ray WZ, Pet MA, Yee A, Mackinnon SE: Double fascicular nerve transfer to the biceps and brachialis muscles after brachial plexus injury: clinical outcomes in a series of 29 cases. J Neurosurg 114:1520\u20131528, 201110.3171\/2011.1.JNS10810"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067819","article-title":"Functional outcome after language mapping for glioma resection","volume":"358","author":"Sanai N","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanai N, Mirzadeh Z, Berger MS: Functional outcome after language mapping for glioma resection. N Engl J Med 358:18\u201327, 200810.1056\/NEJMoa06781918172171"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822848eb","article-title":"Outcome after delayed Oberlin transfer in brachial plexus injury","volume":"69","author":"Sedain G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sedain G, Sharma MS, Sharma BS, Mahapatra AK: Outcome after delayed Oberlin transfer in brachial plexus injury. Neurosurgery 69:822\u2013828, 20112167071910.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822848eb"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.SPINE14324","article-title":"Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 15: electrophysiological monitoring and lumbar fusion","volume":"21","author":"Sharan A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharan A, Groff MW, Dailey AT, Ghogawala Z, Resnick DK, Watters WC III, : Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 15: electrophysiological monitoring and lumbar fusion. J Neurosurg Spine 21:102\u2013105, 201410.3171\/2014.4.SPINE1432424980592"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00750","article-title":"The prevalence, rate of progression, and treatment of elbow flexion contracture in children with brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"94","author":"Sheffler LC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sheffler LC, Lattanza L, Hagar Y, Bagley A, James MA: The prevalence, rate of progression, and treatment of elbow flexion contracture in children with brachial plexus birth palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:403\u2013409, 20122239873310.2106\/JBJS.J.00750"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3106-2","article-title":"The current role of diagnostic imaging in the preoperative workup for refractory neonatal brachial plexus palsy","volume":"32","author":"Somashekar DK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Somashekar DK, Wilson TJ, DiPietro MA, Joseph JR, Ibrahim M, Yang LJS, : The current role of diagnostic imaging in the preoperative workup for refractory neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Childs Nerv Syst 32:1393\u20131397, 201610.1007\/s00381-016-3106-227179536"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f95c1e","article-title":"A national study to evaluate trends in the utilization of nerve reconstruction for treatment of neonatal brachial plexus palsy","volume":"127","author":"Squitieri L","year":"2011","unstructured":"Squitieri L, Steggerda J, Yang LJS, Kim HM, Chung KC: A national study to evaluate trends in the utilization of nerve reconstruction for treatment of neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Plast Reconstr Surg 127:277\u2013283, 20112120022110.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f95c1e"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B3.24634","article-title":"Use of quantitative intra-operative electrodiagnosis during partial ulnar nerve transfer to restore elbow flexion: the treatment of eight patients following a brachial plexus injury","volume":"93","author":"Suzuki O","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suzuki O, Sunagawa T, Yokota K, Nakashima Y, Shinomiya R, Nakanishi K, : Use of quantitative intra-operative electrodiagnosis during partial ulnar nerve transfer to restore elbow flexion: the treatment of eight patients following a brachial plexus injury. J Bone Joint Surg Br 93:364\u2013369, 201110.1302\/0301-620X.93B3.2463421357959"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200407000-00018","article-title":"Transfer of fascicles from the ulnar nerve to the nerve to the biceps in the treatment of upper brachial plexus palsy","volume":"86-A","author":"Teboul F","year":"2004","unstructured":"Teboul F, Kakkar R, Ameur N, Beaulieu JY, Oberlin C: Transfer of fascicles from the ulnar nerve to the nerve to the biceps in the treatment of upper brachial plexus palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86-A:1485\u20131490, 200410.2106\/00004623-200407000-0001815252097"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182131c7c","article-title":"Suprascapular nerve reconstruction in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy: spinal accessory nerve transfer versus C5 root grafting","volume":"127","author":"Tse R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tse R, Marcus JR, Curtis CG, Dupuis A, Clarke HM: Suprascapular nerve reconstruction in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy: spinal accessory nerve transfer versus C5 root grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 127:2391\u20132396, 201110.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182131c7c21617471"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.5.800","article-title":"Quantitation of and landmarks for the muscular branches of the ulnar nerve to the forearm for application in peripheral nerve neurotization procedures","volume":"104","author":"Tubbs RS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tubbs RS, Custis JW, Salter EG, Blount JP, Oakes WJ, Wellons JC III: Quantitation of and landmarks for the muscular branches of the ulnar nerve to the forearm for application in peripheral nerve neurotization procedures. J Neurosurg 104:800\u2013803, 20061670388710.3171\/jns.2006.104.5.800"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"J Comp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903230207","article-title":"Effects of advancing age on peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"323","author":"Vaughan DW","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vaughan DW: Effects of advancing age on peripheral nerve regeneration. J Comp Neurol 323:219\u2013237, 1992140125710.1002\/cne.903230207"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.11.010","article-title":"Shoulder and elbow recovery at 2 and 11 years following brachial plexus reconstruction","volume":"41","author":"Wang JP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang JP, Rancy SK, Lee SK, Feinberg JH, Wolfe SW: Shoulder and elbow recovery at 2 and 11 years following brachial plexus reconstruction. J Hand Surg Am 41:173\u2013179, 201610.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.11.01026718077"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199905000-00006","article-title":"Comparison of the natural history, the outcome of microsurgical repair, and the outcome of operative reconstruction in brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"81","author":"Waters PM","year":"1999","unstructured":"Waters PM: Comparison of the natural history, the outcome of microsurgical repair, and the outcome of operative reconstruction in brachial plexus birth palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81:649\u2013659, 19991036069310.2106\/00004623-199905000-00006"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.10.PEDS15543","article-title":"Peripartum and neonatal factors associated with the persistence of neonatal brachial plexus palsy at 1 year: a review of 382 cases","volume":"17","author":"Wilson TJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilson TJ, Chang KWC, Chauhan SP, Yang LJS: Peripartum and neonatal factors associated with the persistence of neonatal brachial plexus palsy at 1 year: a review of 382 cases. J Neurosurg Pediatr 17:618\u2013624, 201610.3171\/2015.10.PEDS1554326799409"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx190","article-title":"Prediction algorithm for surgical intervention in neonatal brachial plexus palsy","volume":"82","author":"Wilson TJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson TJ, Chang KWC, Yang LJS: Prediction algorithm for surgical intervention in neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Neurosurgery 82:335\u2013342, 20182841928710.1093\/neuros\/nyx190"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318257be98","article-title":"A systematic review of nerve transfer and nerve repair for the treatment of adult upper brachial plexus injury","volume":"71","author":"Yang LJS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang LJS, Chang KWC, Chung KC: A systematic review of nerve transfer and nerve repair for the treatment of adult upper brachial plexus injury. Neurosurgery 71:417\u2013429, 20122281108510.1227\/NEU.0b013e318257be98"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/22\/2\/article-p181.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/22\/2\/article-p181.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/22\/2\/article-p181.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T13:38:35Z","timestamp":1681565915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/22\/2\/article-p181.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.3.peds17529","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}}}