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In studies of refractory obesity in animal models, the ventromedial hypothalamus, the lateral hypothalamus, and the nucleus accumbens have all demonstrated elements of success as deep brain stimulation targets. Multiple targets for deep brain stimulation have been proposed for anorexia nervosa, with research predominantly focusing on the subcallosal cingulate, the nucleus accumbens, and the stria terminalis and medial forebrain bundle. Human deep brain stimulation studies that focus specifically on refractory obesity and anorexia nervosa have been performed but with limited numbers of patients. In these studies, the target for refractory obesity has been the lateral hypothalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus, and nucleus accumbens, and the target for anorexia nervosa has been the subcallosal cingulate. These studies have shown promising findings, but further research is needed to elucidate the long-term efficacy of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of appetite disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.4.focus18141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T03:37:05Z","timestamp":1533094625000},"page":"E9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Deep brain stimulation for appetite disorders: a review"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Whiting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald M.","family":"Whiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","article-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 5","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 5. 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