{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:46:06Z","timestamp":1787244366825,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The unexpected intraoperative intraventricular hemorrhage is a rare but feared and life-threatening complication in neuroendoscopic procedures because of loss of endoscopic vision. The authors present their experience with the so-called \u201cdry field technique\u201d (DFT) for the management of intraventricular hemorrhages during purely endoscopic procedures. This technique requires the aspiration of the entire intraventricular CSF to achieve clear visualization of the bleeding source.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than 500 neuroendoscopic intraventricular procedures were retrospectively analyzed over the last 24 years for documented severe hemorrhages, which were treated by the application of the DFT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The technique was required in 6 cases, including tumor resection\/biopsy, cyst resection, and intraventricular lavage. Additionally, the technique was applied as part of the planned strategy in 3 cases of endoscopic tumor removal. The hemorrhage was stopped in all cases and no associated postoperative deficits occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although severe hemorrhages are rare, the neurosurgeon needs to be aware of them and has to establish strategies for their management. Most hemorrhages can be stopped by constant irrigation and coagulation. In the other rare cases, the DFT is a safe, reliable technique and can be easily incorporated into endoscopic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.4.jns172537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T10:20:29Z","timestamp":1537525229000},"page":"931-935","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Management of severe intraoperative hemorrhage during intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures: the dry field technique"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Joachim","family":"Oertel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School of the Saarland University, Homburg (Saar); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Linsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School of the Saarland University, Homburg (Saar); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akos","family":"Csokonay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School of the Saarland University, Homburg (Saar); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry W. S.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Senger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School of the Saarland University, Homburg (Saar); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Minim Invasive Surg","first-page":"898753","article-title":"Neuroendoscopic resection of intraventricular tumors: a systematic outcomes analysis","volume":"2013","author":"Barber SM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barber SM, Rangel-Castilla L, Baskin D: Neuroendoscopic resection of intraventricular tumors: a systematic outcomes analysis. Minim Invasive Surg 2013:898753, 2013"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"868","article-title":"Long-term complications and definition of failure of neuroendoscopic procedures","volume":"20","author":"Beems T","year":"2004Pubmed","unstructured":"Beems T, Grotenhuis JA: Long-term complications and definition of failure of neuroendoscopic procedures. Childs Nerv Syst 20:868\u2013877, 2004Pubmed"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"575","article-title":"Application of neuroendoscopy to intraventricular lesions","volume":"62","author":"Cappabianca P","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cappabianca P, Cinalli G, Gangemi M, Brunori A, Cavallo LM, de Divitiis E, : Application of neuroendoscopy to intraventricular lesions. 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