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This new form of DBS, dependent on different characteristics of pathological oscillations, is called adaptive DBS (aDBS), and it has already been applied in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. In this review, the authors summarize the scientific research to date on pathological oscillations in dystonia and address potential biomarkers that might be used as a feedback signal for controlling aDBS in patients with dystonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.5.focus18155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T03:37:05Z","timestamp":1533094625000},"page":"E3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Toward adaptive deep brain stimulation for dystonia"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Pi\u00f1a-Fuentes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn","family":"Beudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen;"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, The Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"van Zijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Willem","family":"Elting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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