{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T12:31:31Z","timestamp":1777033891519,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"Suppl1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article is a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of volume-staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in the treatment of patients with orbital venous malformations (OVMs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty patients with moderate to large OVMs were treated with volume-staged GKRS between March 2005 and October 2015. The series included 8 male and 12 female patients with an average age of 22.5 years (range 9\u201345 years). The diagnoses were confirmed intraoperatively and at pathological examination in 14 cases and presumed in accordance with clinical and imaging findings in 6 cases. The median OVM volume was 12.2 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (range 7.1\u201334.6 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). The median interval between stages was 10 months (range 6\u201312 months). The tumor margin dose for each stage ranged from 11.0 to 13.5 Gy. The median duration of follow-up was 45.5 months (range 18\u201398 months).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodically scheduled MRI studies demonstrated evidence of a significant reduction of the original OVM volume in all cases. Visual acuity (VA) was preserved in 18 cases (90%). Five patients (25%) experienced vision improvement of varying degrees, and 13 (65%) experienced long-term preservation of VA at their pre-GKRS level. Deterioration in VA was observed in only 2 cases (10%). MRI demonstrated OVM regression after treatment in all cases, and all patients were found to have reduction of exophthalmos after volume-staged GKRS. Follow-up MRI revealed recurrence in only 1 case (5%). Three patients (15%) developed transient conjunctival edema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective investigation indicates that volume-staged GKRS provides an effective management option in selected patients with OVMs, providing excellent visual outcomes. The study adds substantial support for volume-staged GKRS as a major treatment for OVMs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.7.gks18661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T17:46:51Z","timestamp":1551203211000},"page":"26-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Volume-staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery for orbital venous malformations"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yipei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoxiang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Desheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Orbital Tumors","first-page":"155","article-title":"Vascular tumors","author":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz K","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz K, Karcioglu ZA: Vascular tumors, in Karcioglu ZA (ed): Orbital Tumors. 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