{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T01:17:40Z","timestamp":1789780660377,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypothalamic hamartomas are benign tumors known to cause gelastic or dacrystic seizures, precocious puberty, developmental delay, and medically refractory epilepsy. These tumors are most often sporadic but rarely can be associated with Pallister-Hall syndrome, an autosomal dominant familial syndrome caused by truncation of glioblastoma transcription factor 3, a downstream effector in the sonic hedgehog pathway. In this clinical report, the authors describe two brothers with a different familial syndrome. To the best of the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first report in the literature describing a familial syndrome caused by germline mutations in the <jats:italic>Smoothened<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SMO<\/jats:italic>) gene and the first familial syndrome associated with hypothalamic hamartomas other than Pallister-Hall syndrome. The authors discuss the endoscopic endonasal biopsy and subtotal resection of a large hypothalamic hamartoma in one of the patients as well as the histopathological findings encountered. Integral to this discussion is the understanding of the hedgehog pathway; therefore, the underpinnings of this pathway and its clinical associations to date are also reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.7.peds18292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]],"date-time":"2018-11-15T23:49:14Z","timestamp":1542325754000},"page":"98-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A familial syndrome of hypothalamic hamartomas, polydactyly, and SMO mutations: a clinical report of 2 cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Rubino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos D.","family":"Pinheiro-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Kenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Adamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.2.0212","article-title":"The relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical manifestations of hypothalamic hamartoma","volume":"91","author":"Arita K","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arita K, Ikawa F, Kurisu K, Sumida M, Harada K, Uozumi T, : The relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical manifestations of hypothalamic hamartoma. 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