{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T19:39:37Z","timestamp":1782502777914,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to predict postoperative facial nerve function during pontine cavernous malformation surgery by monitoring facial motor evoked potentials (FMEPs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2008 to 2017, 10 patients with pontine cavernous malformations underwent total resection via the trans\u2013fourth ventricle floor approach with FMEP monitoring. House-Brackmann grades and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores were obtained pre- and postoperatively. The surgeries were performed using one of 2 safe entry zones into the brainstem: the suprafacial triangle and infrafacial triangle approaches. Six patients underwent the suprafacial triangle approach, and 4 patients underwent the infrafacial triangle approach. A cranial peg screw electrode was used to deliver electrical stimulation for FMEP by a train of 4 or 5 pulse anodal constant current stimulation. FMEP was recorded from needle electrodes on the ipsilateral facial muscles and monitored throughout surgery by using a threshold-level stimulation method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>FMEPs were recorded and analyzed in 8 patients; they were not recorded in 2 patients who had severe preoperative facial palsy and underwent an infrafacial triangle approach. Warning signs appeared in all patients who underwent the suprafacial triangle approach. However, after temporarily stopping the procedures, FMEP findings during surgery showed recovery of the thresholds. FMEPs in patients who underwent the infrafacial triangle approach were stable during the surgery. House-Brackmann grades were unchanged postoperatively in all patients. Postoperative KPS scores improved in 3 patients, decreased in 1, and remained the same in 6 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>FMEPs can be used to monitor facial nerve function during surgery for pontine cavernous malformations, especially when the suprafacial triangle approach is performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.jns181199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:15:25Z","timestamp":1551226525000},"page":"265-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Intraoperative facial motor evoked potential monitoring for pontine cavernous malformation resection"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Ridzky Firmansyah","family":"Hardian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Kanaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuyoshi","family":"Horiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Hongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.09.026","article-title":"Facial nerve monitoring during cerebellopontine angle and skull base tumor surgery: a systematic review from description to current success on function prediction","volume":"80","author":"Acioly","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1261270","article-title":"Intraoperative monitoring of motor evoked potential for the facial nerve using a cranial peg-screw electrode and a \"threshold-level\" stimulation method","volume":"20","author":"Goto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0667-9","article-title":"Anterior transpetrosal and subtemporal transtentorial approaches for pontine cavernomas","volume":"152","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2007.09.013","article-title":"Monitoring of motor pathways during brain stem surgery: what we have achieved and what we still miss?","volume":"37","author":"Sala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01411553","article-title":"The anatomical aspects of a surgical approach through the floor of the fourth ventricle","volume":"139","author":"Bogucki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.2.0257","article-title":"Transcerebellomedullary fissure approach with special reference to methods of dissecting the fissure","volume":"94","author":"Matsushima","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.58.1.0141","article-title":"Infratentorial approach to the pineal region in the prone position: Concorde position. 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