{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:13:30Z","timestamp":1792804410308,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>A current challenge is finding an effective and safe treatment for severely disabled patients with Tourette\u2019s syndrome (TS) and comorbid psychiatric disorders, in whom conventional treatments have failed. The authors aimed to evaluate the utility of globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) combined with bilateral anterior capsulotomy in treating these clinically challenging patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors conducted a retrospective review of the clinical history and outcomes of 10 severely disabled patients with treatment-refractory TS and a psychiatric comorbidity, who had undergone GPi-DBS combined with bilateral anterior capsulotomy in their hospital. At the time of surgery, patients presented mainly with obsessive-compulsive disorder and affective disorders. Clinical outcome assessments of tic and psychiatric symptoms, as well as of general adaptive functioning and quality of life, were performed at the time of surgery and at 6, 12, and between 24 and 96 months postsurgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>After surgery, all patients showed significant progressive improvements in tic and psychiatric symptoms, along with improvements in general adaptive functioning and quality of life. Tic alleviation reached 64% at 12 months and 77% at the last follow-up on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. At the final follow-up, patients had functionally recovered and displayed no or only mild tic and psychiatric symptoms. All patients tolerated treatment reasonably well, with no serious side effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>GPi-DBS combined with bilateral anterior capsulotomy seems to offer major clinical benefits to severely disabled patients with otherwise treatment-refractory TS and psychiatric comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.jns181339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:15:39Z","timestamp":1551226539000},"page":"1788-1796","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pallidal deep brain stimulation combined with capsulotomy for Tourette\u2019s syndrome with psychiatric comorbidity"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Chencheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengdao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Zeljic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences;"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odin","family":"van der Stelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Research Consultant, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengfen","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Pudong Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shikun","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianyou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bomin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq380","article-title":"Double-blind clinical trial of thalamic stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"134","author":"Ackermans L","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ackermans L, Duits A, van der Linden C, Tijssen M, Schruers K, Temel Y, : Double-blind clinical trial of thalamic stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome. 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