{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:05:38Z","timestamp":1773011138115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GN) is a rare pain condition in which patients experience paroxysmal, lancinating throat pain. Multiple surgical approaches have been used to treat this condition, including microvascular decompression (MVD), and sectioning of cranial nerve (CN) IX and the upper rootlets of CN X, or a combination of the two. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term quality of life and pain-free survival after MVD and sectioning of the CN X\/IX complex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A combined retrospective chart review and a quality-of-life telephone survey were performed to collect demographic and long-term outcome data. Quality of life was assessed by means of a questionnaire based on a combination of the Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity scoring criteria and the Brief Pain Inventory\u2013Facial. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine pain-free survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 18 patients with GN, 17 underwent sectioning of the CN IX\/X complex alone or sectioning and MVD depending on the presence of a compressing vessel. Eleven of 17 patients had compression of CN IX\/X by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, 1 had compression by a vertebral artery, and 5 had no compression. One patient (6%) experienced no immediate pain relief. Fifteen (88%) of 17 patients were pain free at the last follow-up (mean 9.33 years, range 5.16\u201313 years). One patient (6%) experienced throat pain relapse at 3 months. The median pain-free survival was 7.5 years \u00b1 10.6 months. Nine of 18 patients were contacted by telephone. Of the 17 patients who underwent sectioning of the CN IX\/X complex, 13 (77%) patients had short-term complaints: dysphagia (n = 4), hoarseness (n = 4), ipsilateral hearing loss (n = 4), ipsilateral taste loss (n = 2), and dizziness (n = 2) at 2 weeks. Nine patients had persistent side effects at latest follow-up. Eight of 9 telephone respondents reported that they would have the surgery over again.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sectioning of the CN IX\/X complex with or without MVD of the glossopharyngeal nerve is a safe and effective surgical therapy for GN with initial pain freedom in 94% of patients and an excellent long-term pain relief (mean 7.5 years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.jns18239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:15:39Z","timestamp":1551226539000},"page":"232-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pain-free survival after vagoglossopharyngeal complex sectioning with or without microvascular decompression in glossopharyngeal neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Zoe E.","family":"Teton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine G.","family":"Holste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran A.","family":"Hardaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim J.","family":"Burchiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Raslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.150810","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia caused by a complex neurovascular conflict: case report and review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Alafaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000632","article-title":"Changes in the expression of voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.3, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 in rat trigeminal ganglia following chronic constriction injury","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4683","article-title":"Imaging of neurovascular compression syndromes: trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, vestibular paroxysmia, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"37","author":"Haller","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0330-5","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a long-term retrospectic review of the Milan-Bologna experience in 31 consecutive cases","volume":"151","author":"Ferroli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215114000802","article-title":"Geniculate neuralgia: a systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200204000-00004","article-title":"Microvascular decompression in the management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 217 cases","volume":"50","author":"Patel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"129","article-title":"The measurement of pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.12.FOCUS12391","article-title":"Current neurosurgical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia and technical nuances for microvascular decompression surgery","volume":"34","author":"Rey-Dios","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200204000-00004","article-title":"Microvascular decompression in the management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 217 cases","volume":"50","author":"Patel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.8.JNS132547","article-title":"Brief pain inventory\u2013facial minimum clinically important difference","volume":"122","author":"Sandhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.12.FOCUS12391","article-title":"Current neurosurgical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia and technical nuances for microvascular decompression surgery","volume":"34","author":"Rey-Dios","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2010.487131","article-title":"Neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves: long-term outcome following surgical treatment and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Kandan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7438326","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7438326","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome: an update","volume":"2017","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00131","article-title":"A gain-of-function mutation in Nav1.6 in a case of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"22","author":"Tanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0330-5","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a long-term retrospectic review of the Milan-Bologna experience in 31 consecutive cases","volume":"151","author":"Ferroli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S37593","article-title":"Orofacial pain management: current perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Romero-Reyes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00172","article-title":"A novel pathophysiological mechanism contributing to trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"22","author":"Grasso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S37593","article-title":"Orofacial pain management: current perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Romero-Reyes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7438326","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7438326","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome: an update","volume":"2017","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2013.11.008","article-title":"Trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"32","author":"Reddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00172","article-title":"A novel pathophysiological mechanism contributing to trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"22","author":"Grasso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2010.487131","article-title":"Neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves: long-term outcome following surgical treatment and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Kandan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2013.11.008","article-title":"Trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"32","author":"Reddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.3.JNS141806","article-title":"Neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 103 cases","volume":"124","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00131","article-title":"A gain-of-function mutation in Nav1.6 in a case of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"22","author":"Tanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-2302-7","article-title":"Vago-glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a literature review of neurosurgical experience","volume":"157","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-011-0349-x","article-title":"Diagnosis and neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: clinical findings and 3-D visualization of neurovascular compression in 19 consecutive patients","volume":"12","author":"Gaul","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4683","article-title":"Imaging of neurovascular compression syndromes: trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, vestibular paroxysmia, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"37","author":"Haller","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215114000802","article-title":"Geniculate neuralgia: a systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-011-0349-x","article-title":"Diagnosis and neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: clinical findings and 3-D visualization of neurovascular compression in 19 consecutive patients","volume":"12","author":"Gaul","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"129","article-title":"The measurement of pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000632","article-title":"Changes in the expression of voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.3, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 in rat trigeminal ganglia following chronic constriction injury","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.8.JNS132547","article-title":"Brief pain inventory\u2013facial minimum clinically important difference","volume":"122","author":"Sandhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.150810","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia caused by a complex neurovascular conflict: case report and review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Alafaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"315","article-title":"Familial trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"16","author":"Knuckey","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-2302-7","article-title":"Vago-glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a literature review of neurosurgical experience","volume":"157","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.3.JNS141806","article-title":"Neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 103 cases","volume":"124","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref281","first-page":"315","article-title":"Familial trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"16","author":"Knuckey","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Exp Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/132\/1\/article-p232.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/132\/1\/article-p232.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/132\/1\/article-p232.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T03:22:05Z","timestamp":1653103325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/132\/1\/article-p232.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.8.jns18239","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}}}